http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp <p>The Journal is a journal published by the International Society of Chinese Health Practices. It publishes original research, reviews and editorials covering all aspects of Chinese Health Practices. The journal was established in 2020 and is supported by BeiJing Normal University and the University of Arizona. </p> <p>ISSN 2692-5702</p> en-US pkuo@arizona.edu (Phillip Kuo) yhan@arizona.edu (Yan Han) Sun, 10 Mar 2024 19:43:03 +0000 OJS 3.2.0.3 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/280 <p><strong>Abstract: </strong><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the intervention effect of Taijiquan with additional focus of attention on Functional Ankle Instability (FAI), and to provide theoretical basis for exercise prevention and rehabilitation.<strong>Methods: </strong>46 FAI patients were randomly divided into Tai chi practice group with additional attention focus, Tai chi practice group with no attention focus requirement and no Tai chi practice group, respectively referred to as the supplementary focus group, non-supplementary focus group and no practice group. The isokinetic muscle force (60°/s and 180°/s) and body position perception of the ankle joints were measured with CON-TREX®, Physiomed. The ability to control the Center of Pressure (COP) (open and closed eyes) using a three-dimensional force measuring table to measure its standing static balance on one foot; Y-balance control was measured using the Y-balance test (YBT). Before and after intervention, the data of intra-group indicators were compared by paired sample T test, and the data of inter-group indicators were compared by one-way analysis of variance, and the significance level was P&lt;0.05.<strong>Results:</strong> (1) Statically standing COP control ability: the COPx values before and after intervention in the additional focus group were 0.0289±0.00694 and 0.0242±0.00414, respectively, indicating a significant intervention effect (p&lt;0.01). The open COPy values were 0.0509±0.01672 and 0.0345±0.00686 before and after intervention, and the intervention effect was very significant (p&lt;0.01). The open eye envelope area was 0.0017±0.0012 and 0.0009±0.0003 before and after intervention, respectively, and the intervention effect was significant (p&lt;0.05). The COPx values of the supplementary focus group were 0.0564±0.04293 and 0.031±0.00527 before and after intervention, respectively, and the intervention effect was significant (p&lt;0.05). COPy values for closed eyes were 0.0848±0.04134 and 0.0427±0.01007 before and after intervention, and the intervention effect was very significant (p&lt;0.01). The closed eye envelope area values before and after intervention were 0.0061±0.00921 and 0.0014±0.00051, respectively, and the intervention effect tended to be significant (p=0.06).In the non-supplemental focus group, the COPx values before and after intervention were 0.0318±0.01268 and 0.0247±0.00663, respectively, and the intervention effect was significant (p&lt;0.05). The open COPy values were 0.0508±0.03629 and 0.0348±0.00976 before and after intervention, and the intervention effect tended to be significant (p=0.072). There was no significant difference in the open eye envelope area before and after intervention (p&gt;0.05). In the non-supplemental focus group, the COPx values before and after intervention were 0.053±0.02585 and 0.0353±0.01048, respectively, and the intervention effect was significant (p&lt;0.05). The COPy values of closed eyes before and after intervention were 0.0927±0.05434 and 0.0526±0.01094, the intervention effect was very significant (p&lt;0.01). There was no significant difference in the closed eye envelope area before and after intervention (p&gt;0.05). There was no significant difference in COP control ability between pre-test and post-test (p&gt;0.05).(2)YBT control ability: the pre-side values of the additional focus group before and after intervention were 53.8542±6.73297 and 55.9583±5.1926, respectively, indicating a very significant intervention effect (p&lt;0.01). The posterior medial value before and after intervention was 83.625±13.52522, 87.7292±12.55814, and the intervention effect was very significant (p&lt;0.01). The posterolateral values before and after intervention were 84.9375±12.1687 and 89.2817±11.31166, respectively, and the intervention effect was very significant (p&lt;0.01). The comprehensive values before and after intervention were 79.2904±8.62674 and 83.1302±7.46674, respectively, the intervention effect was very significant (p&lt;0.01). The pre-side values of the non-supplemental focus group were 55.5778±4.25845 and 56.8222±4.10549 before and after intervention, respectively, indicating significant intervention effect (p&lt;0.05). The posterior medial values were 84.9111±6.91268 and 86.6222±600766 before and after intervention, and the intervention effect was significant (p&lt;0.05). The posterolateral values before and after intervention were 86.7333±9.28063 and 88.4444±8.26608, respectively, and the intervention effect was significant (p&lt;0.05). The comprehensive values before and after intervention were 78.8915±5.20258 and 80.6277±6.37523, respectively. The intervention effect was very significant (p&lt;0.01). There were no significant differences in the anteromedial, posteromedial, posteromedial and comprehensive scores between the two groups (p&gt;0.05). (3) Body position perception: the 10° plantflexion error values of the additional focus group before and after intervention were 2.5969±1.28634 and 1.6213±0.62905, respectively, indicating significant intervention effect (p&lt;0.05). The error values of 15° inversion before and after intervention were 4.5981±2.52645 and 1.3963±0.91464, respectively, indicating a significant intervention effect (p&lt;0.01). The error values of 15° valvulation before and after intervention were 4.4531±1.38165 and 1.9244±0.93923, respectively. The intervention effect was very significant (p&lt;0.01). The 10° error values of plantar flexion in the non-supplemental focus group were 2.4727±1.36237 and 1.584±0.80121 before and after intervention, respectively, indicating significant intervention effect (p&lt;0.05). The error values of 15° inversion before and after intervention were 3.8067±2.23284 and 1.4527±0.67719, respectively, indicating a significant intervention effect (p&lt;0.01). The error values of 15° valgus before and after intervention were 4.3107±1.56601 and 2.6567±1.80796, respectively, indicating that the intervention effect was very significant (p&lt;0.01). There was no significant difference in 5° dorsiflexion error between the supplementary focus group and the non-supplementary focus group before and after intervention (p&gt;0.05). There were no significant differences in the position perception scores of plantar flexion (5°), dorsiflexion (10°), varus 15° and varus 15° between pre-test and post-test (p&gt;0.05). After intervention, the results among the groups showed certain differences, which were as follows: There was a significant difference in the COPx shaking distance between the supplementary focus group and the non-training group (p&lt;0.01), and there was a significant difference in the COPx shaking distance between the non-supplementary focus group and the non-training group (p&lt;0.01), but no significant difference between the supplementary focus group and the non-supplementary focus group (p&gt;0.05). There was a significant difference in COPy shake distance between the added focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.01), a significant difference in COPy shake distance between the non-added focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.01), and no significant difference between the added focus group and the non-added focus group (p&gt;0.05). There was significant difference in the closed eye area between the supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.05), no significant difference in the closed eye area between the non-supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&gt;0.05), and no significant difference in the closed eye area between the supplemental focus group and the non-supplemental focus group (p&gt;0.05). There were significant differences in the open eyes COPx slosh distance between the supplemental focus group and the no-exercise group (p&lt;0.05), and there were significant differences in the open eyes COPx slosh distance between the non-supplemental focus group and the no-exercise group (p&lt;0.05), but no significant differences between the supplemental focus group and the non-supplemental focus group (p&gt;0.05). There was a significant difference in the open eyes COPy shaking distance between the supplemental focus group and the no-exercise group (p&lt;0.01), a significant difference in open eyes COPy shaking distance between the non-supplemental focus group and the no-exercise group (p&lt;0.05), and no significant difference between the supplemental focus group and the non-supplemental focus group (p&gt;0.05). There was significant difference in open eye area between the supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.05), but no significant difference in open eye area between the non-supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&gt;0.05). There was significant difference between the supplementary focus group and the non-supplementary focus group (p&gt;0.05). There were significant differences in YBT-front scores between the supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.05), and there were significant differences in YBT-front scores between the non-supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.05), but no significant differences in YBT-front scores between the supplemental focus group and the non-supplemental focus group (p&gt;0.05). There was a significant difference in YBT-posterior medial scores between the supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.01), and a significant difference in YBT-posterior medial scores between the non-supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.05), but no significant difference in YBT-posterior medial scores between the supplemental focus group and the non-supplemental focus group (p&gt;0.05)). There was a significant difference in YBT-posterior medial scores between the supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.01), there was a significant difference in YBT-posterior medial scores between the non-supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.05), and there was no significant difference between the supplemental focus group and the non-supplemental focus group (p&gt;0.05). There was a significant difference of 5° dorsiflexion between the supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.05), no significant difference between the non-supplemental focus group and the no-practice group, and no significant difference between the supplemental focus group and the non-supplemental focus group (p&gt;0.05). The difference of 10° plantar flexion between supplemental focus group and no practice group was significant (p&lt;0.05), the difference between non-supplemental focus group and no practice group was significant (p&lt;0.05), and the difference between supplemental focus group and no practice group was significant (p&lt;0.05). There was a significant difference of 15° inversion between the supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.01), a significant difference between the non-supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.01), and a significant difference between the supplemental focus group and the non-supplemental focus group (p&lt;0.05). There was a significant difference of 15° between the supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.01), a significant difference between the non-supplemental focus group and the no-practice group (p&lt;0.01), and a significant difference between the supplemental focus group and the non-supplemental focus group (p&lt;0.05).<strong>Conclusion: </strong>The balance ability and position sense of FAI patients were significantly improved by Taijiquan with added focus and without added focus. The effect of Taijiquan with additional attention focus was better than that of the non-additional attention focus group. There was no significant improvement in balance and position perception in the non-training group.</p> Hao Liu, Zongtao LI Copyright (c) 2024 Hao Liu, Zongtao LI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/280 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/288 <p>See PDF for details</p> Zehui Wen, Yu Zhang Copyright (c) 2024 Zehui Wen, Yu Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/288 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/287 <p>See PDF for details</p> Zehui Wen, Yu Zhang Copyright (c) 2024 Zehui Wen, Yu Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/287 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/286 <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>In the field of school Taijiquan teaching, Taijiquan is conducted as a traditional sports project under the discipline of physical education. The outline, textbooks, and teaching plan of Tai Chi teaching are also aimed at completing movements, and students are also assessed based on whether they can complete the technical movements of Tai Chi. This common practice not only ensures that Tai Chi enters the campus and allows more students to be exposed to traditional ethnic culture, but also has a significant omission. The rich cultural connotations of Tai Chi are difficult to express and convey, and it is even more difficult to measure and assess. Teaching ends with mastering technical movements. Actions without technical skills are just mechanical imitations, and most students will quickly forget after completing the exam, while the only thing they can remember is a visual metaphor such as' a big watermelon '. Tai Chi contains a large amount of humanistic spirit, and these seemingly intangible cultural connotations are precisely the logical starting point and ultimate significance of Tai Chi teaching. This article analyzes the problems that arise in the teaching of Tai Chi in ordinary universities, and explores the laws and improvement paths of Tai Chi teaching through practical teaching experience, in order to provide theoretical reference for the research of Tai Chi teaching. <strong>Research methods:</strong> literature review, logical analysis, and practical summary. Search through CNKI, VIP databases, and related books using Key words such as "cultural heritage" and "Tai Chi teaching" to screen, classify, and organize the required materials. By analyzing and summarizing the teaching documents of provincial-level demonstration courses that have been continuously conducting Tai Chi teaching for 20 years, this paper explores the ideas and methods of Tai Chi teaching. <strong>Research results:</strong> The concept of peace contained in Tai Chi, the wisdom of "opposing the movement of the Tao", the weak thinking of "avoiding reality and defeating emptiness, and introducing the concept of emptiness", the clever design of the center of gravity system, the overall harmony concept, the dialectical thinking of softness over strength, the philosophy of Taoism and nature, especially the special ability to transform violence into art, are the unique concepts, wisdom, magnanimity, and charm of Chinese culture, It is the deepest culture behind Tai Chi. Tai Chi teaching is not only about teaching movements, but more importantly, using these movements to spread and permeate the essence and core values of Chinese culture. If this can be used as a teaching goal, it will greatly help improve students' cognitive level and enhance cultural confidence. It also has strong practical significance at the national level. Today's China is in a major upheaval that has not been seen in a century, with financial, technological, trade, and public opinion wars raging. And "cognitive warfare" is also an important battlefield, and Tai Chi teaching needs to be repositioned, consciously standing at the height of winning "cognitive warfare". At least enable students to have a more comprehensive understanding of the excellent culture of the Chinese nation. From the perspective of the world, Chinese culture can last for a long time, with only a few fruits remaining. It advocates peace, violent transformation, inclusiveness, and global sentiments, all of which are core secrets and have eternal human values. In summary, (1) Tai Chi teaching needs to be repositioned as a core course for inheriting excellent traditional culture. The curriculum is explicitly aimed at inheriting humanistic spirit and core values. Deeply explore, sort out, and discover the core values contained in Tai Chi, extract materials, inspiration, and nutrients from the treasure trove of Chinese cultural resources. (2) The educational value of emphasizing the humanistic spirit of Tai Chi is not to weaken or simplify technical teaching, but to strengthen and enhance technical teaching, discover the laws of Tai Chi movement teaching, and timely analyze the attack and defense of these movements. Traditional martial arts is called "dismantling moves", and the classic movements of Tai Chi are all formed through repeated training. The meaning of attack and defense is relatively accurate, but it is not easy to make it clear. Teachers need to demonstrate the charm of Tai Chi through personal experience, because all cultural connotations are condensed in each specific Tai Chi technical action. This process often leads to a sudden realization among students, allowing them to experience the subtleties of Tai Chi and make the classroom interesting. (3) It is the finishing touch and the essence of culture teaching to sublimate the culture according to the students' understanding ability, which requires teachers to have deep cultural heritage and appropriate expression. Leaving technology to talk about culture may be counterproductive. Telling a good Chinese story starts with telling a good Tai Chi story. (4) Undertake cultural undertakings through cultural means and increase publicity efforts, such as theoretical courses, lectures, speeches, etc. To promote the humanistic spirit and core values of Tai Chi in a way that students enjoy and enjoy. (5) The evaluation of student performance must have a certain proportion of cultural understanding, and the technical ability and cognitive level of Tai Chi should be jointly improved. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tai Chi contains a large amount of humanistic spirit, such as holistic view, harmonious view, peace concept, dialectical thinking, Taoism following nature, integrating Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, and transforming violence into art. This is the logical starting point and ultimate significance of Tai Chi teaching. Standing at a new node in history, we should reposition the teaching of Tai Chi, organically integrating cultural elements and humanistic spirit into various aspects of technical teaching, and completing the deepening and sublimation of Tai Chi teaching.</p> Xiaodong Wang Copyright (c) 2024 Xiaodong Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/286 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/285 <p><strong>Research purpose: </strong>in May 2006, Tai Chi included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list, in December 2020, the United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization also officially announced the Tai Chi included in the global human intangible cultural heritage representative list, the popularization and promotion of Tai Chi in the world, undoubtedly has an important role. In the "Healthy China 2030" planning outline also pointed out: " we should vigorously promote dragon and lion dance, Tai Chi, fitness Qigong, soft ball and other traditional ethnic sports."Therefore, we must follow the national policy of the development of The Times, take the improvement of the better life of the people as the center, face up to the function of Tai Chi, and effectively serve the people, for the benefit of the people. Tai Chi has greatly enhanced the attraction of China's intangible cultural heritage in the world, and become the expression of the Chinese nation to establish the image of a great country and build the soft power of a great country. Under the intangible cultural heritage horizon and under the background of economic globalization, cultural diversity, as an important part of Chinese martial arts Tai Chi has an obligation to assume the burden of inheriting Chinese excellent traditional culture, to explore the humanistic spirit and contemporary value is not only the era demand, but also the important path of power traditional martial arts culture revival. From the perspective of "intangible cultural heritage", this paper explores the humanistic spirit and contemporary value of Tai Chi, and aims to build a sustainable development model for the contemporary inheritance of Tai Chi. <strong>Research methods: </strong>this study mainly uses the literature analysis, logic analysis, case analysis method, involving a large number of Chinese intangible cultural heritage, Tai Chi development papers in the field of research, sorting, induction, to study under the "intangible" vision of Tai Chi humanistic spirit and contemporary significance. <strong>Research results:</strong> Tai Chi has a unique form of movement and rich historical and cultural heritage. In the process of movement, Tai Chi can not only improve the sensitivity and coordination of the body, so as to exercise a strong body and enhance the comprehensive quality of the human body, but also play a positive role in strengthening the body and mind, so that the practitioners can stimulate their thoughts and enthusiasm through self. Further cultivate their own ideological and moral cultivation, and inherit the Chinese nation's spirit of self-improvement and moral commitment. In the teaching of Tai Chi, apart from the explanation of the most basic sets and exercises, it is necessary to cultivate the concept of martial virtues, martial rites, lifelong sports, and the edification of the humanistic connotation of the Chinese nation. The contemporary value of Tai Chi is mainly as follows: (1) "treating disease" : Tai Chi culture plays an irreplaceable role in advocating national fitness and building a healthy China. In the 21st century, with the continuous decline of national physical fitness, the strategy of "healthy China" came into being, the national fitness movement is gradually popularized, and people pay more and more attention to the cultural promotion of traditional national sports. As an outstanding representative of traditional national sports, Tai Chi is suitable for all ages and has the effect of enhancing physical fitness and preventing diseases. It is a good medicine to cure the diseases of modern social civilization. Existing studies have confirmed that Tai Chi's unique movement pattern and deep and slow breathing state play a role in rehabilitation and improvement of organ system functions in a variety of chronic diseases, and have a certain auxiliary effect. (2) Cultural confidence: Chinese traditional Tai Chi, as the lifeblood of the Chinese nation's "martial spirit" and the cultural cornerstone of the modernization of "sports power", contains extensive and profound historical and philosophical thinking. After summarizing and combing this traditional Chinese culture, practitioners will have a better understanding of the unique historical thoughts of Chinese martial arts, so as to face China's traditional sports civilization more squarely. It has taken on the historical consciousness and modern responsibility of inheriting and carrying forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and further strengthened its cultural self-confidence. At the same time, the historical heritage culture of Chinese Tai Chi provides a steady stream of spiritual nutrients for practitioners, and the humanistic and confident elements contained here also symbolize the soft power of the excellent traditional Chinese culture in a certain sense, which not only reflects the unique features of the Chinese nation, but also the external expression of the development and growth of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation. In exchange with the world's advanced civilization and art, it reflects the image of a big country and rich cultural and historical deposits. (3) Psychological adjustment: People in modern society are easy to be impatient and emotional impulse, and this kind of anxiety and anxiety is derived from the deep psychology of accelerating the pace of life and increasing the burden on the shoulder. Practicing Tai Chi can provide an opportunity for human beings to communicate and learn from each other, and can also promote human emotional communication, thus reducing social distance and eliminating loneliness in human heart. In addition, Tai Chi follows the basic principle of "integration of body and mind", which not only stresses the physical and mental shape of continuous, soft but not loose, but also needs a calm mind during exercise; Its focus on the mind of undesire, contentment and happiness, help to eliminate the pain in the heart, to achieve physical and mental balance; Tai Chi also pays attention to the spiritual quality of not being harmed by clear reasoning, and not being worried about emotions and emotions, and has the effect of adjusting mental balance and psychological adjustment.<strong>Conclusion and Suggestions: </strong>Tai Chi, as a boxing type with rich national characteristics in Chinese martial arts, is deeply loved by the Chinese people at home and abroad. It breeds rich humanistic spirit values, and has a strong driving force for the revitalization and development of Chinese society. Under the perspective of "intangible cultural heritage", Tai Chi has attracted wide attention around the world. Tai Chi should explore and innovate on the basis of inheritance and keep pace with The Times. We should be Tai Chi by culture of "harmonious nature", "holy outside king", "the unity of man and nature" philosophy, gradually rise to the way between people, countries, so that more seriously shoulder the protection and spread of Tai Chi culture, to re-examine the contemporary connotation of Tai Chi, thus the continuation of the Chinese fine traditional culture, realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.</p> Mingyi SUN Copyright (c) 2024 Mingyi SUN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/285 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/284 <p>See PDF for details</p> Xinmeng Chen Copyright (c) 2024 Xinmeng Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/284 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/283 <p><strong>Abstract:</strong>What is the unique health value of Tai Chi exercise? Can we explain the anatomical characteristics of Tai Chi compared to other sports from an anatomical perspective? Is Taijiquan exercise irreplaceable in promoting human health? With the above problems in mind, take the Twenty four Style Simplified Taijiquan as an example, and make a comparative analysis of the number of human links mobilized, the number of muscles mobilized, the angle of joint activities, and the speed of Muscle contraction, to find the key anatomical differences between Taijiquan and other sports. Provide anatomical evidence support for promoting human health through Tai Chi exercise.The study conducted anatomical comparative analysis between Tai Chi and other types of sports through methods such as comparative analysis and mathematical statistics. Other events include running and javelin in track and field, football and tennis in ball games, and Freestyle swimming in water sports. There are very unique differences in the movement trajectory and mode of the 24 style simplified Tai Chi compared to the above sports, mainly reflected in the following aspects. The first is the angle analysis of joint activities. The sum of the angles of Shoulder joint activities (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation) is calculated. Taijiquan is significantly higher than the listed movements. Furthermore, from the perspective of joint movements such as elbow, knee, and hip joints, it can be further analyzed that Tai Chi is still higher than other sports. Secondly, analyze the balanced development of joints. Compared with simple running events, Tai Chi has a wider range of upper limb activities and a more balanced development of the upper and lower limbs. Compared with football, Tai Chi also has significant advantages in balancing upper and lower limb exercises. Compared to tennis and throwing events, Tai Chi has a more balanced development of the left and right upper limbs. Freestyle swimming is similar to Taijiquan in terms of limb balance. Thirdly, from the perspective of non repetitive skeletal muscle movement, excluding the influence of external forces, Tai Chi exercises have a higher number of skeletal muscle movements than other events. In the throwing event, the fixed movements of the dominant limb are constantly repeated, and the number of muscles mobilized is always around the joint of the throwing unilateral limb. The number of muscles mobilized in running is single and repetitive. The most commonly used forehand and backhand strokes and lower limb running in tennis are repetitive movements, while the foot ball also repeats a lot of movements in the process of running, shooting, and passing. Swimming and running are similar to one of the most repetitive movements. Fourthly, based on the analysis of skeletal muscle contraction speed, Tai Chi is the slowest among the listed items, with more pronounced centrifugal contraction of skeletal muscles and more support for far fixed movements. It has a combined effect on increasing the strength of skeletal muscles and protecting against muscle damage. Skeletal muscles contract faster in sprint events, and short-term contraction can cause significant damage to skeletal muscles. Marathons and other events have relatively slow contraction rates but high repeated contractions, which can also easily cause damage to skeletal muscles. Throwing events and tennis need to complete Muscle contraction to complete throwing and swing in 0.12-0.17 seconds. The slow contraction speed of skeletal muscles in swimming events is mainly due to resistance from water. The above four aspects provide a clear understanding of the unique anatomical perspective of Tai Chi, which in turn affects the different stimuli to human physiology.The different angles and activities of joints determine the range of limb activity. When each joint in the human body is limited by its basic material structure and reaches the limit of its normal range of activity through limb exercise, it conforms to the natural evolution laws of the human body and naturally brings corresponding promoting effects to human health. The balanced development of the human body is a fundamental condition for health. The phenomenon of a single joint significantly lagging behind other links in the human body will disrupt the overall balance of the body. For example, the uneven development of the lower limbs or left and right limbs is more likely to cause damage in sports such as strength and endurance, and differences in the number of capillaries and blood circulation efficiency will inevitably have an impact on other organs of the body. When some joints are exercised unevenly for a long time, they may be injured due to insufficient or excessive exercise. The number of skeletal muscles mobilized reflects the coordination ability of Sympathetic nervous system nerve, Parasympathetic nervous system nerve and autonomic nerve. When the number of muscles mobilized is just enough to complete the speed and angle required by the target action, the relevant movement is completed with the highest efficiency. It can be learned from the muscle silk sliding theory of skeletal muscle that the faster the Muscle contraction speed is, the greater the tension the thick muscle silk and the thin muscle silk bear, and the corresponding more subtle muscle silk damage will be generated. When enough coincidence is added, the damage will gradually accumulate to form a large area of damage after repeated enough times.An objective analysis and summary of the anatomy of Tai Chi movements found that compared to sports such as football, athletics, swimming, and tennis, the overall range of joint activity in Tai Chi is larger, the degree of balanced development of joints is higher, the number of non repetitive muscle movements is more, and the speed of skeletal muscle contraction is relatively slow. These anatomical features are precisely the advantages of Tai Chi in promoting health. Different anatomical movements lead to deeper physiological changes, and then further affect the coordination of various systems in the human body, ultimately promoting the maintenance and promotion of physical health. The unique advantages of Tai Chi in terms of its external form alone can be confirmed for human health, and the impact of Tai Chi on people's internal thinking is also worthy of in-depth research. Compared with other sports, Tai Chi has the advantage of promoting health, starting from the form of external movements and then to the unity of spiritual form. The anatomical differences in external movements are a strong basis for its health promotion advantages.</p> Guangqing Song Copyright (c) 2024 Guangqing Song https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/283 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/282 <p>See PDF for details</p> Copyright (c) 2024 Yutong Shen, Yulin Wang, Yu Hao, Tingting Cao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/282 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/281 <p>See PDF for details</p> Huanhuan Li, Chunli Wu, Gaoting Jia Copyright (c) 2024 Huanhuan Li, Chunli Wu, Gaoting Jia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/281 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/289 <p class="4"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman Regular';">Research purpose: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman Regular';">The Ministry of Education pointed out that "martial arts courses should focus on patriotic education and traditional excellent cultural education, cultivate students' tenacious struggle, establish lofty ideals and beliefs, stimulate and improve students' sense of national responsibility and consciousness in learning." As an important branch of Chinese martial arts, Tai Chi has natural educational advantages. Tai Chi is divided into six schools, including Yang, Chen, Wu, Sun, and Wu. The posture of Tai Chi is relaxed and generous The actions are simple and easy to learn, and the ideological and political elements contained in them help guide students to promote excellent Chinese culture. The ideological and political education of Tai Chi curriculum should be integrated into the nature, objectives, teaching concepts, content, methods, processes, and evaluations of the curriculum. Deeply exploring the ideological and political elements of Tai Chi to construct its cultural value is a requirement for the ideological and political education of Tai Chi curriculum in the new era to cultivate morality and promote excellent Chinese sports culture. <strong>Research method:</strong> 1) Literature review method. Using databases such as CNKI and VIP as sources, search for Key words such as "integrating Tai Chi into curriculum ideological and political education" and "Tai Chi's educational value" to lay the foundation for the writing of this article. 2) Logical analysis method. Conduct logical reasoning and dialectical analysis on the literature reviewed, reveal the cultural value of Tai Chi, and analyze it to propose optimization paths. <strong>Research results:</strong> The educational values of Tai Chi include: national spirit, cultural confidence, martial arts and morality, and innovative spirit. 1) National spirit: As an important branch of Chinese martial arts, Tai Chi has natural educational advantages. Tai Chi push hands practice by practicing the single push, double push, folding push and other steps of both sides, and the attack and defense awareness and reaction state reflected by each move and each advance and retreat are the ideological concepts of cultivating young people, such as "advancing and retreating are suitable, being able to bend and stretch, and sacrificing oneself to others". Through Tai Chi teaching, it can promote the formation of self-improvement among young people The national spirit of integrity, tenacious struggle, and patriotism. 2) Cultural Confidence: Tai Chi follows the philosophical viewpoint of the unity of heaven and man, and upholds the rule of virtue of "morality is the foundation of the Tao, and propriety is the foundation of Qi"; Advocate the viewpoint of "having a heavy responsibility and a long way to go, not failing to forge ahead in the youth"; Emphasize that 'those who are benevolent must have courage'; In practice, the understanding of the "Three Cardinals and Five Constants", "Benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and trustworthiness", "Cultivating one's character, governing the country, and leveling the world", "Discrimination between righteousness and profit", "Theory of Human Nature", and other ideas, all present China's unique way of thinking - cultural confidence. 3) Advocating Martial Arts and Virtue: Tai Chi emphasizes the basic principle of "establishing virtue", and in the teaching process, "showing virtue through etiquette" is the saying "never practice martial arts, learn virtue first", and achieve core values through "double virtues of virtue and art"; In the process of practicing techniques, attention should be paid to the walking posture of "upright at the end" and "three in one and three out". During practice, attention should also be paid to the principles of "calm mind and calmness", "perfect coherence", and "clear distinction between reality and emptiness"; Offensive and defensive techniques emphasize the principle of "using softness to overcome hardness" and "using stillness to brake"; Pursue recognition and comprehension after practice. 4) Innovative spirit: Tai Chi is a dialectical thinking representative of Yin and Yang complementing each other, the five elements generating and restraining each other, and all things in the world changing from bad to good; It is a spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation's "use of etiquette, harmony is precious", "the healthy nature of heaven, the gentleman's constant self-improvement", "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, trust, gentleness, courtesy, thrift, and compromise", and so on; Integrating it into students' thinking logic can be beneficial, or by combining theory with practice to establish new formal logic,Tai Chi has a long history and profound content. Utilizing and analyzing it through innovative means to make it more scientifically serve human society is a great innovation challenge. <strong>Research results: </strong>Optimization path for integrating Tai Chi courses into teaching in universities: 1) Scientific design of ideological and political teaching objectives. When formulating ideological and political goals, it is based on "military ethics", combined with skill learning and moral education guidance, and integrates the ideological and political elements of Tai Chi into teaching, to build a complete sports core literacy system, namely ability goals, healthy behavior goals, and sports moral goals. 2) Build a system of ideological and political content. Combining Tai Chi with local characteristic boxing styles; Establish a comprehensive evaluation system for evaluation, such as the evaluation of teachers' professional ethics and conduct, the evaluation of teaching effectiveness, and the evaluation of students' "martial arts ethics" throughout their daily life performance. 3) Deepen teachers' sense of responsibility. Through periodic ideological and political training for teachers, the profound connotation of Tai Chi is consciously integrated into ideological and political education in physical education teaching, and the educational value of Tai Chi is maximized; In terms of sense of responsibility, it is possible to build a platform for teachers to communicate and refine in depth during the practical process, in order to enhance teachers' sense of responsibility in highly educating people. 4) Deeply explore ideological and political elements and select educational materials. Deeply break through the problem of "what to excavate" and "how to excavate" ideological and political elements in Tai Chi curriculum, sort out the educational value and advantages of Tai Chi, based on "moral education" education, and deeply explore the ideological and political elements of Tai Chi with points and lines, and lines and surfaces; In the selection of ideological and political materials for Tai Chi, students should be taken as the center, and the materials should be scientifically and reasonably applied to the teaching process based on the actual situation of students, in order to achieve "educating people with martial arts". Tai Chi is a product of a specific historical period, influenced by extensive and profound historical culture. Integrating it into the curriculum can guide students to better use sports methods such as observation, comparison, understanding, abstraction, deduction, and induction; The integration of Tai Chi into ideological and political education can help guide students to promote excellent Chinese culture, establish a correct outlook on life, values, and the world, practice socialist core values, strengthen students' self-cultivation, form a good thinking mode, implement the fundamental task of cultivating morality and talent, and strive to cultivate college students to become successors who shoulder the great responsibility of the motherland.</span></p> Jianmei Yang, Changsi Zhang Copyright (c) 2024 Jianmei Yang, Changsi Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/289 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/279 <p>See PDF for details</p> Yuxi Li, Jianfeng Deng, Zhenyu Wang, Mingyue Yin, Yongming Li Copyright (c) 2024 Yuxi Li, Jianfeng Deng, Zhenyu Wang, Mingyue Yin, Yongming Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/279 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/278 <p>See PDF for details</p> Qijian Jiang Copyright (c) 2024 Qijian Jiang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/278 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/277 <p>See PDF for details</p> An Hu, Cunzhong Liu, Yongan Xia Copyright (c) 2024 An Hu, Cunzhong Liu, Yongan Xia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/277 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/276 <p><strong>Abstract: Research purposes: </strong>It has great significance and value to conduct in-depth research on the causes of knee pain in the learning and training of traditional Chen-style Taijiquan, and it has a profound impact on the development of Taijiquan. According to existing research results, knee pain or injury is common during the learning and training of traditional Chen-style Taijiquan routines. Although Taijiquan, as one of the outstanding representatives of&nbsp; Chinese traditional martial arts, integrates the cultural essence of the Chinese nation, and there are a large amount of data and research analysis showing that Taijiquan has many benefits for the human body, however, it is undeniable fact that practicing and learning Chen-style Taijiquan may occur knee pain or injury. By reading the literature, it can be found that various studies analyzing the aspects of mechanics and medicine put forward certain suggestions and solutions for knee joint pain and injury, but they did not find specific reasons from Taijiquan Principles and Tai Chi Boxing Methods. Therefore, we try to base on "Chen-style Taijiquan Illustration" to find out the causes of knee pain and provide suggestions and solutions. <strong>Research methods: </strong>This article will mainly rely on the publication "Chen-Style Taijiquan Illustration" written by Chen Xin, the eighth-generation successor of Chen-Style Taijiquan in the Republic of China, and use the literature method to conduct research on related books, documents, and historical materials of Chen-Style Taijiquan. Targeting collection of literature in HowNet, collecting information on people with knee pain during Taijiquan practice, laying a reliable data reference foundation for subsequent research, and using logical analysis to analyze and summarize the information behind the data. In addition, We through our own teaching and practical experience,&nbsp; in-depth understanding of the specific situation of knee pain in Tai Chi training, and then actively explore and study potential factors, verify and enrich the cognition of knee pain formation. We believe that the detailed understanding will provide more specific and effective guidance for developing personalized teaching programs and strategies and provide help for avoiding knee pain promoting the health, safety, and effectiveness of Tai Chi training. &nbsp;<strong>Research results:</strong> through the collection of literature and data summary. In the relevant data, it can be found that the probability of knee pain during traditional Chen-style Taijiquan training is relatively high. Some literature shows that 175 people experience knee joint pain during the practice of Taijiquan, accounting for 49.30%, and the knee joints of both legs position no matter in the front, inside, and outside have different degrees of pain appear mainly dull pain. However, previous studies show that Tai Chi training can increase exercise capacity, improve knee motor function, and have a certain therapeutic effect on knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, it can be inferred that the occurrence of knee joint pain may be due to sports injuries caused by irregular technical movements during training. This article tries to analyze the training process in conjunction with "Chen-Style Taijiquan Illustrations". Because Chen-style Taijiquan emphasizes the whole body, just as in the boxing scriptures ", and when staying still everything stays still" the whole body remains in harmony. Therefore, slight errors in movements during Taijiquan training can cause problems with the movement as a whole, affecting the line of motion and stability of the knee. The technical movements of Taijiquan are different from other sports. The movements are ever-changing but inseparable from it. The core and power chain requirements of each move and style are the same when you understand and find every movement. During exercise, stillness is yin, and movement is yang. Therefore, the causes of knee joint pain can be found separately in each movement and stillness. stillness usually appears in the basic skills of Taijiquan or in the fixed form of each move. In the fixed form of Taijiquan, it is usually strictly required: Xuling Dingjin (the Baihui point on the top of the head is upward, the lower jaw is slightly retracted, and the eyes look forward.), Xuling Dingjin can make the shoulders relax and the upper body stand upright, so as to prevent the occurrence of bad postures such as hunchback and head forward. Loosening the waist and dropping the hips(The waist and hips are relaxing at the same time, and the pelvis is slightly rolling forward. In Taijiquan, it is called tightening the buttocks, but at the same time, the groin must not have the force to push outward, the caudal vertebrae downwards at this time.)and the back will naturally reach an upright state at this time. When the combination of Xuling ding jin and loose waist and hips meet the technical standards, this state is called standing upright in Taijiquan, with the body unbiased and the center of gravity vertically downward. Rounding crotch and bent knees (while loosening the waist and dropping the hips, hold the two hips open, the knees relax with the hips and bend slightly and buckle inward slightly so that the front of the knees are aligned with the toes). In actual movement, it can be observed that if one of these requirements is not implemented correctly, then the others are likely to be problematic as well. such as Xuling ding jin does not meet the standard, the person as a whole may appear hunchback lying on the waist, the overall center of gravity forward, most of the training members of the feedback for the anterior side of the knee pain, at the same time it is also found that in the only loosening of the waist does not drop the hips of the erroneous movement appeared, the trainer will appear to be the body slightly tilted backward, the knees are forward significantly more than the toes, but also appear the anterior side of the knee pain phenomenon, in line with the data describing in the literature of the dull pain. Movement is defined as all changes in physical activity that occur during movement. It includes movements, postures, shifts in position, and changes in form and condition of all parts of the body. In Taijiquan training, movement can refer to the execution of specific actions. In terms of boxing theory, the movement of Taijiquan is the transformation of yin and yang, and the change of reality and emptiness. Seeking constancy from change is the requirement for the process of movement; what changes is the physical form, but what remains unchanging is the requirement for the execution of the movement. In practice, it is more difficult to maintain the correctness of the movement in the change, which is not only a test of the body control but also a test of the body's loading bearing. Boxing theory says that "its root is in the feet, starting in legs", "section through", and " if there something is wrong, the body will be scattered, the disease should be sought by the waist and legs", indicating that the errors in the movement, most of them are related to the legs, which means that there is an interconnection and interdependence between these requirements. Most of them are related to the legs, which means that there is an interrelated and interdependent relationship between these requirements. therefore, It is important to ensure that each requirement is correct during the practice of taijiquan to ensure the fluidity and effectiveness of the movement as a whole. Negligence or deviation in any one part of the process may have an adverse effect on the whole and lead to the occurrence of knee injuries. In the training of Taijiquan, the foundation of "movement" is the winding work, combined with "its root is in the foot, starting in legs", which means that the force is generated by the ground from the leg to stomp and turn so as to carry out the change of the real and virtual in order to carry out the next action, and in the process of stomping and turning, combined with the requirements of the above taijiquan on the fixed position, it is necessary to buckle the knee to the toe. In the process of stomping and transferring, the practitioners often ignore this precaution in the movement, and it is easy for the knee to swing inwardly or outwardly during the movement, making the knee unstable, and the stomps transferring at the same time as the swinging will form a rotational pressure on the knee joints. In traditional Chen-style Taijiquan, often the leg muscle load is larger, but the main function of the knee joint lies in the flexion and extension, which may lead to uneven stress on the knee joint pressure is too large to produce pain or even injury, and the knee pain producing in the movement often occurs on both sides of the knee joint. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Most of the traditional Chen's taijiquan practitioners have knee pain, often because the technical movement is not standardized or the training process only focuses on a certain aspect, loss of sight of the other, but taijiquan is a kind of "When moving everything moves" of the movement system. 4 Conclusion: Most of the traditional Chen's taijiquan practitioners have knee pain, often because the technical movement is not standardized or the training process only focuses on a certain aspect, loss of sight of the other, but taijiquan is a kind of "a movement has no immobility" of the movement system. Chen-style Taijiquan has self-containing system since the beginning of its training, and the training is a process of transformation from rigidity to flexibility. In this process, not only do we need to learn the standardization of movements, but we should also understand the theory of boxing in order to correct our own errors, which also explains the characteristic of "oral teaching" in traditional martial arts. In the development of modern society with the continuous development of the network, many people follow the network video for self-study, but they can not judge their own movements right or wrong by themselves, nowadays perhaps they can take the use of the human body two-dimensional measurement chart against the boxing spectrum boxing theory for correction. From the viewpoint of the whole Chen's Taijiquan training process, the knee pain and injury caused by the training process can be found in the "Chen-style Taijiquan Illustrations" with the corresponding movement error, so the study and research of the "Chen-style Taijiquan Illustrations" are of great significance in solving the knee pain in the process of Taijiquan practice.</p> Copyright (c) 2024 Jiaji Han, Dingwei Zhang, Mingxuan Ma, Zhiyang Xiong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/276 Mon, 16 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/275 <p><strong>Abstract:</strong><strong>Research Purpose:</strong>This study aimed to investigate the substrate metabolism changes in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment during acute exercise of a novel modified Qigong (KKQ) at Khon Kaen University (KKU) in Thailand. The study utilized indirect calorimetry to measure the changes in substrate metabolism indicators of elderly individuals with cognitive impairment after a single acute Qigong exercise. The effects of KKU Qigong exercise on the rates of fat oxidation and carbohydrate oxidation were analyzed, and the potential metabolic effects of Qigong practice in elderly individuals with cognitive impairment were explored. The research aims to provide scientific guidance for exercise training in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment and to support the promotion and development of the novel modified Qigong at Khon Kaen University, contributing to the advancement of this Qigong practice through scientific research.<strong>Research Method:</strong>A total of 60 participants (66.07 ± 4.28 years old) were recruited for the study and randomly divided into two groups: the KKU Qigong Group (KQG) and the Control Group (CG). Prior to the experiment, all participants underwent a physical health assessment to ensure they did not have any significant health issues and were suitable for KKU Qigong exercise. All participants received verbal instructions and signed informed consent forms. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive function, with a total score of 30 points, and a score of 26 or above was considered normal. Participants with scores below 26 were identified as having mild cognitive impairment and selected for the study. After screening, the KQG group consisted of 22 participants, and the CG group consisted of 23 participants.In the KQG group, participants wore a respiratory gas analysis device (Oxycon mobile V-707270 SBx, Germany) during a 30-minute KKU Qigong exercise session, while the CG group engaged in 30 minutes of sedentary reading. Data were collected before the Qigong exercise, during the exercise (30 minutes), and during a 30-minute recovery period after the exercise. Parameters measured included oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and heart rate (beats per minute). Energy expenditure indices (energy expenditure rate, total energy expenditure) and substrate metabolism indices (carbohydrate oxidation rate, fat oxidation rate, energy substrate contribution ratio, and consumption) were calculated and compared between the two groups. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).<strong>Research Results:</strong>1. In this study, the heart rate during continuous KKU Qigong exercise was as follows: 5 minutes (104.24±23.24 beats/min), 10 minutes (103.40±19.55 beats/min), 15 minutes (99.58±14.65 beats/min), 20 minutes (99.38±14.03 beats/min), 25 minutes (102.82±18.98 beats/min), 30 minutes (102.67±18.61 beats/min), and 5 minutes during recovery (91.28±12.95 beats/min). Previous research has defined heart rates below 119 beats/min as low-intensity and 120-149 beats/min as moderate-intensity. The heart rate range during KKU Qigong exercise was 92.4 beats/min to 107.8 beats/min, indicating that KKU Qigong belongs to low-intensity exercise.2. The impact of KKU Qigong exercise on substrate metabolism in elderly individuals with cognitive impairment: Fat oxidation rate (g/min) showed an initial increase followed by a decrease during KKU Qigong exercise, and the differences between the KKU Qigong Group (KQG) and the Control Group (CG) were significant at 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 5 minutes during recovery (P&lt;0.05). Carbohydrate oxidation rate (g/min) remained higher in KQG compared to CG throughout the KKU Qigong exercise, and significant differences were observed between the two groups during the 5-30 minutes of exercise (P&lt;0.05). RER data in KQG decreased initially and then increased during the exercise. At the start of KKU Qigong exercise, the RER value was 0.88, indicating a predominant reliance on fat oxidation for energy supply during the initial phase of low-intensity exercise. As the exercise progressed, the RER value gradually increased, approaching 1.0, signifying a shift towards greater reliance on carbohydrate oxidation for energy supply, with a relative decline in fat oxidation rate.3. The KKU Qigong exercise was performed twice consecutively during the 30-minute exercise session. The study found that the fat oxidation rate during the second Qigong exercise was significantly lower than during the first exercise. This was attributed to the fact that the body was in an already activated state during the first exercise, while during the second consecutive exercise, the body's metabolic state tended to stabilize, leading to a lower energy expenditure during the second exercise.4. Within the KKU Qigong Group, significant differences were observed in Fat oxidation rate (g/min) and Carbohydrate oxidation rate (g/min) during the 30-minute KKU Qigong exercise, except for the baseline data (P&lt;0.05). This indicates that during low-intensity aerobic Qigong exercise, the body primarily relies on aerobic metabolism for energy supply. In the acute 30-minute Qigong exercise, the fat oxidation rate may be relatively high due to the low exercise intensity, but the carbohydrate oxidation rate is even higher. This results in a larger proportion of carbohydrates in substrate utilization. This suggests that elderly individuals with cognitive impairment tend to utilize carbohydrates as their primary energy source during acute Qigong exercise.<strong>Research Conclusion:</strong>1. KKU Qigong belongs to low-intensity aerobic exercise.2. During the 30-minute acute KKU Qigong exercise, the fat oxidation rate was faster in the first exercise session compared to the second exercise session. This finding may be attributed to the body's better adaptation to the exercise during the first session. This discovery provides valuable clues for further investigating the long-term effects and training adaptability of Qigong practice.3. In the acute 30-minute low-intensity KKU Qigong exercise, the carbohydrate oxidation rate was higher than the fat oxidation rate, indicating that carbohydrates can more efficiently provide energy, making them suitable for meeting the energy demands of low-intensity and short-duration exercises. The body adjusts substrate utilization according to exercise intensity and duration to meet different energy demands.4. Acute exercise of the novel modified Qigong has significant effects on substrate metabolism in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Qigong practice significantly increases carbohydrate oxidation rate, while the fat oxidation rate is relatively less affected. This suggests that Qigong exercise may have positive effects on the body's metabolism in elderly individuals with cognitive impairment, providing a potential non-pharmacological intervention approach for cognitive impairment management and prevention.</p> Copyright (c) 2024 Hao Gao, Yuanyaun Hong, Guang Yang, Yifan Huang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/275 Mon, 16 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/274 Copyright (c) 2024 Yatai Chai, Meijin Hou, Xiangbin Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/274 Mon, 12 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/273 Tingting Cao, Yulin Wang, Yutong Shen, Lin Lin, Minghui Zhang Copyright (c) 2024 Tingting Cao, Yulin Wang, Yutong Shen, Lin Lin, Minghui Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/273 Mon, 12 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/297 <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: This study takes the relevant papers on Taichi in the past 10 years from 2012 to 2022 included in the China Knowledge Network Database (CNKI) as the research object, and uses CiteSpace visualization and analysis software to scientifically measure and visually analyze the nearly 874 domestic relevant research documents, and by constructing the knowledge map of Taichi movement, we can By constructing a knowledge map of Taichi movement, it can clearly present the evolution of Taichi movement and research hotspots. Through the analysis of the number of articles published, keyword co-occurrence mapping, cluster mapping and research process analysis, it is found that the current research hotspots of Taichi include the relationship between Taichi and health, Taichi and the elderly, and Taichi and mental health, and so on. With the improvement of health awareness and the increase of the elderly population, more and more studies focus on the role of Taichi in promoting physical and mental health. In addition, the research on Taichi exercise in the last decade presents a dynamic evolution process, and according to its evolution trend, it can be understood that the research trend of Taichi exercise in China will tend to the fitness effect of Taichi, its comparison with other fitness modalities, and the evaluation of the effect. In this paper, CiteSpace analysis tools are used in order to explain the hotspots and evolutionary process of the research on Taichi exercise in China, and to provide a reference for further research in this field.</p> Jiajia Zhao, Aie Xu, Wenhao Zhou, Zikun Zhao Copyright (c) 2024 Jiajia Zhao, Aie Xu, Wenhao Zhou, Zikun Zhao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/297 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/308 <p>See PDF for details</p> Yuerong Huang, Jianan Xu Copyright (c) 2024 Yuerong Huang, Jianan Xu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/308 Thu, 19 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/307 <p>See PDF for details</p> Lujia Li, Fulai Lu, Yang Zhang, Meize Cui, Yuerong Huang Copyright (c) 2024 Lujia Li, Fulai Lu, Yang Zhang, Meize Cui, Yuerong Huang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/307 Thu, 19 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/306 Qiuyang Wei, Shaojun Lyu Copyright (c) 2024 Qiuyang Wei, Shaojun Lyu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/306 Thu, 19 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/305 <p>See PDF for details</p> Meize Cui, Jianwei Zhang, Yameng Li, Qiuyang Wei, Lujia Li, Yuerong Huang Copyright (c) 2024 Meize Cui, Jianwei Zhang, Yameng Li, Qiuyang Wei, Lujia Li, Yuerong Huang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/305 Thu, 19 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/304 <p>See PDF for details</p> Yuxin Ma, Hui Fang, Yameng Li Copyright (c) 2024 Yuxin Ma, Hui Fang, Yameng Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/304 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/300 <p>See PDF for details</p> Fei Chen Copyright (c) 2024 Fei Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/300 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/299 Hongwei Wang, Yang Zhang Copyright (c) 2024 Hongwei Wang, Yang Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/299 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/298 <p><strong>Abstract: Objective: </strong>This study aims to elucidate the current state of research, identify leading areas of interest, and forecast the evolving trends in Taijiquan clinical intervention research. Additionally, it seeks to advance the scientific, standardized, and health-oriented development of Taijiquan clinical intervention research. By employing knowledge mapping and multivariate data analysis techniques, this research offers both qualitative and quantitative insights into the dynamic landscape of international Taijiquan clinical intervention research. The results provide a comprehensive overview of the field and serve as a valuable reference for future studies. <strong>Methods: </strong>This study focused on clinical intervention research related to Taijiquan, spanning up to 75 years, using mainstream Chinese and English databases as its primary data sources. The research methodology employed Price's scientific literature logical growth curve theory to facilitate a temporal and spatial evolution analysis of the literature retrieved from Chinese and English databases. Additionally, various bibliometric visualization software tools, in conjunction with state-of-the-art analytical methods, were utilized to construct scientific knowledge maps. These maps were subjected to interpretation, ranging from a macroscopic view to a microscopic one, from intuitive to intricate, and from comprehensive to selective. Through a layered approach, in-depth analysis was conducted to visually present a panoramic view of the clinical intervention research field of Taijiquan. This process systematically elucidated the research status, identified frontier hotspots, and forecasted research trends within the domain. <strong>Results: </strong>In the current research landscape, Taijiquan research within the CNKI Chinese database exceeds that within the WOS English database by a factor of four. However, in the realm of Taijiquan clinical intervention research, the WOS English database surpasses the CNKI Chinese database by a factor of three, with a sixfold higher representation of high-quality research. This suggests that there is still untapped potential for growth within the CNKI Chinese database and Chinese research related to the health and scientific aspects of Taijiquan. It is possible that Chinese research may encounter a bottleneck in paradigm accumulation, necessitating either theoretical innovation or technological advancement to overcome potential scientific challenges. According to Price's logical growth curve, Taijiquan clinical intervention research in the WOS English database is approaching the culmination of exponential growth associated with conventional scientific stages. To prepare for potential scientific challenges in the future, proactive utilization of theory to guide practice and the completion of paradigm accumulation is imperative. Striving to explore new paradigms to drive paradigm shifts, breaking bottlenecks to facilitate scientific revolutions, and leading new conventions in science are essential objectives. As one of the earliest countries engaged in clinical intervention research on Taijiquan, the United States publishes twice as many articles as China in this domain, with double the citation impact. This discrepancy may be attributed to the overall development of its scientific research landscape and the high level of innovation in its scientific research theories. Taijiquan benefits from a more fertile environment for dissemination within Asian cultural circles. In addition to cultural studies, there is untapped potential for further exploration in the realm of health applications for clinical interventions involving Taijiquan. The fields of basic research encompassed within Taijiquan clinical intervention research are notably multifaceted, with medicine, neurology, psychology, and other disciplines forming the core research focus, leading the frontier. Rehabilitation, nursing, biology, and related fields provide the foundational support for these investigations. Given the ongoing expansion and deepening of interdisciplinary research, the coverage of discipline groups within the realm of Taijiquan clinical intervention research is poised to become even more extensive. Regarding research hotspots, the basic research fields within the domain of Taijiquan clinical intervention research are indeed intricate, with medicine, neurology, and psychology driving the forefront of research interest, while rehabilitation, nursing, biology, and related disciplines underpin the foundational research. Emerging themes can be categorized into three distinct stages, each highlighting research progression from the motor system to the nervous system and ultimately to the complex multi-system approach. Taijiquan itself can be classified into various modes, including confrontation, exercise, and treatment, with the simplified 24-style Taijiquan emerging as the most commonly utilized low-intensity aerobic exercise mode in current clinical intervention routines. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Visual analysis reveals that international clinical intervention research on Taijiquan has experienced exponential growth, with a concurrent increase in high-quality research. Nevertheless, several challenges persist, and there remains untapped potential within the CNKI Chinese database and Chinese research related to the health and scientific aspects of Taijiquan. It is possible that Chinese research may encounter a bottleneck in paradigm accumulation, necessitating either theoretical innovation or technological advancement to overcome potential scientific challenges. Proactive utilization of theory to guide practice, the completion of paradigm accumulation, and readiness for potential scientific crises are essential. Striving to explore new paradigms to drive paradigm shifts, breaking bottlenecks to facilitate scientific revolutions, and leading new conventions in science are critical objectives. Taijiquan is culturally rooted in Asian circles, offering ample opportunities for dissemination. Beyond cultural studies, there is untapped potential for further exploration in the realm of health applications for clinical interventions involving Taijiquan. With ongoing extensive and deepening interdisciplinary research, the coverage of discipline groups within the Taijiquan clinical intervention research field is poised to expand further. Predictive burst intensity analysis suggests that research enthusiasm on cancer-related topics may fluctuate in the future, while the popularity of research on subjects like diabetes and hypertension may remain relatively stable. Future research hotspots are expected to focus on the nervous system, including areas such as anxiety and sleep. If aimed at treatment, it is imperative to enhance practicality and innovation by developing concrete, standardized, and differentiated Tai Chi treatment models, harnessing its potential for clinical intervention. Furthermore, efforts should be directed towards strengthening interdisciplinary integration, fostering international collaboration, and securing financial support. These measures will aid in enhancing the quality of clinical intervention research on Taijiquan and obtaining more long-term, large-sample-sized, and highly targeted clinical evidence.</p> Xing Zhang, Jianwei Zhang, Meize Cui, Qiuyang Wei, Fang Peng, Shaojun Lyu Copyright (c) 2024 Xing Zhang, Jianwei Zhang, Meize Cui, Qiuyang Wei, Fang Peng, Shaojun Lyu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/298 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/272 <p>See PDF for details</p> Na Zhang, Aihua Li Copyright (c) 2024 Na Zhang, Aihua Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/272 Mon, 12 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/296 <p><strong>Abstract: Objective</strong><strong>:</strong> Taijiquan, as a representative of China's indigenous traditional sports, embodies the profound cultural and philosophical heritage of the Chinese nation and is an integral part of Chinese martial arts. In recent years, Taijiquan has garnered significant attention in the medical field, both domestically and internationally, due to its notable benefits in disease prevention, health protection, excellent safety profile, and affordability for exercise. It has gained widespread popularity and development globally. This development owes much to scientific research exploring the health-promoting functions of Taijiquan. Current studies have indicated that Taijiquan offers substantial health benefits, including enhanced muscle strength, improved balance and control, stress reduction, as well as its involvement in the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of various diseases. These diseases encompass a wide range, such as osteoarthritis, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and more, where Taijiquan has demonstrated significant therapeutic effects. As a distinguished representative of China's indigenous traditional sports, it is imperative to review the significant research achievements of Chinese scholars in the field of clinical intervention with Taijiquan. A thorough analysis of their research topics and study designs is essential. This effort aims to provide insights and references for the scientific development and standardization of Taijiquan health interventions in China. Ultimately, it is in line with the implementation of the "Taijiquan Health Project" and the "Healthy China" strategy to better serve the health and well-being of the population.<strong>Methods: </strong>To enhance the reliability and persuasiveness of the data, this study conducted a comprehensive search using the Web of Science ^TM Core Collection database and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for all clinical experimental research papers on Taijiquan health interventions published by Chinese scholars (with the first author affiliated with Chinese institutions) since the establishment of our database. The search and download were conducted up to June 30, 2023. A total of 595 papers were retrieved, and after full-text assessment based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 258 papers were ultimately included. Basic information from the included papers was extracted, including publication date, authors, institutions, journals, the health promotion or disease conditions of the study subjects, types of interventions for medical conditions, research design information such as sample size, basic characteristics of participants (gender, age, etc.), randomization, blinding, control interventions, Taijiquan exercise details (style, duration, frequency, intensity), outcome measures, experimental results, and conclusions. Statistical analysis was performed on these data.<strong>Results:</strong> The number of papers included in this study indicates a significant growth trend in the research conducted by Chinese scholars in the field of Taijiquan health interventions. These studies have been primarily published in core journals related to geriatrics, rehabilitation medicine, and sports medicine. This highlights the continuous academic interest in Taijiquan research and widespread recognition of its clinical application potential. In terms of author and institutional distribution, scholars from Hong Kong and institutions like the Shanghai University of Sport have shown significant research activity and strength in the field of Taijiquan health interventions, driving its development and progress and making important contributions to Taijiquan health intervention research. Regarding the subjects of the included studies, Taijiquan has garnered widespread interest among Chinese scholars in research related to mental, behavioral, or neurodevelopmental disorders, circulatory system diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, or connective tissue diseases. These topics have become prominent and highly regarded in Taijiquan health intervention research, providing extensive and in-depth research directions. In terms of experimental design, researchers often use Taijiquan as the sole therapeutic intervention in the experimental group or combine it with other intervention methods to evaluate its superiority compared to other treatment modalities. This experimental design allows us to comprehensively understand the effectiveness of Taijiquan in different therapeutic contexts. In selecting intervention protocols, Yang-style Taijiquan is usually given priority, especially the simplified and easy-to-learn Yang-style 24-form Taijiquan routine, which has been widely adopted. Currently, Taijiquan intervention measures exhibit a variety of complexities, with significant differences in the design of treatment frequency, duration, and intervention duration among each study. The current research results indicate that Taijiquan interventions are most commonly administered 3-4 times a week, with each session lasting 31-60 minutes, and the intervention period generally does not exceed 12 weeks. In research reports, only a minority provided detailed procedures and specific schedule plans for the interventions, information on whether participants received adequate training, and qualifications of the instructors. A few studies offered detailed descriptions of the specific Taijiquan exercise protocols and the grading system for Taijiquan. It is not feasible for participants and instructors to be blinded in Taijiquan exercise studies, but to reduce bias, outcome assessors and analysts were blinded. However, only a minority of the studies reported the use of blinding procedures. Some studies conducted follow-ups with participants, which included exercise reminders, supervision, and guidance. Participants were not required to record their daily exercise, including the type, exercise duration, and frequency, which could potentially introduce confounding factors affecting the results. Additionally, there was no supervision during the follow-up period, which might have amplified the impact of participants' self-initiated exercise. Although Taijiquan interventions for health have shown a rich clinical research foundation in existing studies. However, as an exercise prescription that serves as a complementary alternative medical intervention, Taijiquan health benefits, despite being validated in clinical intervention research, have not yet formed a standardized exercise rehabilitation program for inclusion in global exercise guidelines due to an overall lack of robust clinical evidence, such as insufficient sample sizes, participant heterogeneity, and outcome measures. Therefore, in conducting such clinical trials, researchers must be acutely aware of the unique nature of Taijiquan as a traditional mind-body exercise and provide detailed descriptions of the intervention characteristics. Future clinical trials should also strive to minimize potential sources of bias, including ensuring adequate randomization procedures, blinding during outcome assessments, and reporting safety-related information, in order to reduce heterogeneity resulting from methodological issues. This will contribute to a deeper understanding of the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of Taijiquan in health interventions and provide it with more scientific evidence.<strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study reveals that in recent years, Chinese scholars have shown an overall increasing trend in research on Taijiquan health interventions, with the majority of studies reporting positive outcomes. However, due to the diverse range of research types, participants, Taijiquan interventions, and reported outcomes, along with disparities in research quality, there is an urgent need for more rigorous scheme designs, process evaluations, and result verifications to establish standardized Chinese guidelines for Taijiquan-based health interventions. Furthermore, further research and comprehensive assessments are imperative to explore the potential benefits of Taijiquan thoroughly.</p> Peng Zhang, Qingyuan Luo, Mingyu Liu Copyright (c) 2024 Peng Zhang, Qingyuan Luo, Mingyu Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/296 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/295 <p>See PDF for details</p> Mingyu Liu, Mengyao Ren, Peng Zhang Copyright (c) 2024 Mingyu Liu, Mengyao Ren, Peng Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/295 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/294 <p>See PDF for details</p> Aihua Li, Longfei Li, Xiang Wang Copyright (c) 2024 Aihua Li, Longfei Li, Xiang Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/294 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/293 <p>See PDF for details</p> Liping Qi, Zhihao Tian, Shuye Yang, Yulong Yang, Liqing Liu Copyright (c) 2024 Liping Qi, Zhihao Tian, Shuye Yang, Yulong Yang, Liqing Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/293 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/292 <p><strong>Abstract: Research objective: </strong>Mindfulness training and Tai Chi (hereinafter referred to as "mindful Tai Chi") is a combined training method. There have been relevant studies on the body composition of Tai Chi, but the impact of mindfulness tai chi intervention combined with mindfulness training and eight-week tai chi on the level of mindfulness and body composition of college students remains unclear. In view of this, this study took college students who did routine work and study at school and did not do regular exercise as the control group to explore the effects of 8-week mindfulness tai Chi exercise intervention on body composition (body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle content, water content, protein content) of college students.<strong>Research methods: </strong>This study took healthy male college students who were not majoring in physical education in a university in Beijing as the research objects, excluding cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, bone and joint diseases, depression and anxiety disorders, and finally included 66 subjects who met the requirements of this study, with an average age of 18 to 21 years old, and were randomly divided into the control group (33 people) and the experimental group (33 people). The control group selected college students who did not exercise regularly and did not receive additional mindfulness training or exercise intervention; the experimental group received 8-week mindfulness Tai Chi intervention. The Tai Chi part of the intervention used in the experiment selected eight-form Tai Chi based on Yang's Tai Chi movements, which not only matched the basic technical characteristics of Tai Chi, but also showed that the Tai Chi movements were consistent with the basic technical characteristics of Tai Chi. Such as footwork, body method, technique, the movement of the center of gravity, the connection between the whole body coordination and force action is clear, smooth, simple, easy to learn, beautiful and generous. The mindfulness part is accompanied by a gentle, soft music that guides the practitioner to focus on himself and return to inner peace. Its essence is to help the practitioner to concentrate and calm the mind during the practice. Through practicing mindful Tai Chi, the practitioner is encouraged to face the difficulties encountered in reality and cultivate a positive and open mind to deal with the negative emotions and thoughts generated in life. This scheme is designed without losing the ecological nature of the research results. The exercise time was 40min each time, including 5min of non-pole pile exercise with mindfulness guidance language, 30min of eight-style Tai chi exercise (4min*6 sets, 1min interval between groups), 5min of relaxation part of non-pole pile with music, and the exercise frequency was 3 times a week. The Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) developed by Brown and Ryan in 2003 was used to evaluate the level of mindfulness before and after the intervention. Body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle content, water content and protein content of the subjects were measured by the In Body 220 bioimpedance human body composition analyzer to evaluate the body composition indexes before and after the intervention. SPSS 27.0 was used to conduct paired sample T-test for the level of mindfulness and body composition before and after intervention in the group, and independent sample T-test for the changes in the level of mindfulness and body composition of each group after intervention. Descriptive statistics are described in the form of mean ± standard deviation. <strong>Results: </strong>(1) There was significant difference in the level of mindfulness between the experimental group (43.76±8.76) and the control group (56.55±16.02) (<em>p &lt; 0.05</em>); The level of mindfulness in the experimental group before (38.73±11.16) and after (43.76±8.76) was significantly different (<em>p &lt; 0.01</em>), and the level of mindfulness after intervention was significantly better than that before intervention.The body weight of the experimental group (67.04±9.29) was significantly different from that of the control group (70.71±10.01) (<em>p &lt; 0.05</em>). The body weight of the experimental group (69.98±10.23) was significantly different from that of the control group (67.04±9.29) (<em>p &lt; 0.01</em>), and the body weight after intervention was significantly lower than that before intervention; There was significant difference in BMI between the experimental group (21.79±2.46) and the control group (23.06±2.75) (<em>p &lt; 0.05</em>). The BMI index of the experimental group before (22.33±2.69) and after (21.79±2.46) was significantly different (<em>p &lt; 0.01</em>), and the BMI index after intervention was significantly lower than that before intervention; The body fat percentage of the experimental group (15.58±4.59) was significantly different from that of the control group (16.84±4.99) (<em>p &lt; 0.05</em>). The body fat percentage of the experimental group before (16.59±4.93) and after (15.58±4.59) was significantly different (<em>p &lt; 0.01</em>), and the body fat percentage after intervention was significantly lower than that before intervention. There was no significant difference in muscle mass between the experimental group (107.51±9.41) and the control group (107.05±8.94) (<em>p &gt; 0.05</em>). There was no significant difference in muscle mass between the experimental group before (106.92±9.00) and the experimental group after (107.11±9.41) (<em>p &gt; 0.05</em>). The muscle mass changed little after intervention and before intervention. There was no significant difference in water content between the experimental group (57.39±3.38) and the control group (57.23±3.22) (<em>p &gt; 0.05</em>). There was no significant difference in water content between the experimental group before (57.18±3.18) and after (57.39±3.38) (<em>p &gt; 0.05</em>). There was no significant difference in protein content between the experimental group (21.87±1.56) and the control group (21.79±1.50) (<em>p &gt; 0.05</em>). There was no significant difference in protein content between the experimental group before (21.82±1.52) and the experimental group after (21.87±1.56) (<em>p &gt; 0.05</em>). The protein content changed little after intervention and before intervention. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> (1) 8-week mindfulness Tai Chi intervention can improve the mindfulness level of college students. (2) 8-week mindful Tai Chi intervention can effectively reduce the weight, BMI and body fat percentage of college students, but there is no significant difference in the influence of muscle mass, water and protein content. And 8-week mindful Tai Chi intervention can only improve part of the body composition of the practitioners, but not comprehensively improve the body composition of the practitioners. This study provides a theoretical and practical basis for college students to choose reasonable exercise means.</p> Jizhao Li, Keji Chen, Fang zheng Copyright (c) 2024 Jizhao Li, Keji Chen, Fang zheng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/292 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/291 <p><strong>Abstract: Research purpose: </strong>mobile phone addiction (MPA) refers to an addictive behavior in which excessive use of mobile phones under the premise of non-substance addiction causes adverse physiological and psychological consequences to individuals, which is manifested by strong craving for mobile phones, loss of control, psychological dependence and impaired life function. The high prevalence rate of MPA in Chinese college students is 21.3%.At present, the intervention research of MPA is still in the stage of theoretical development, mainly focusing on cognitive therapy and exercise therapy. As a positive personality trait, mindfulness can influence college students' mobile phone addiction. The reason may be that individuals with a high level of mindfulness have a higher level of attention, are more likely to pay attention to current activities, reduce individual redundancy and increase the control of negative thinking, and ultimately improve the overall cognitive ability. Mindfulness Tai Chi intervention is helpful to improve addictive behaviors such as Internet addiction and drug addiction and improve executive function.</p> <p>There is growing evidence that both acute and long-term mindful tai chi interventions can improve executive function and cognitive ability in different populations. Executive function is more closely related to phone addiction. Of these, inhibitory function, which enables an individual to focus on task-relevant information and suppress irrelevant information, is most directly associated with a person's addictive or health behavior, but the relationship between these variables remains unclear.The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of 8-week mindful Tai Chi intervention on mobile phone addiction, level of mindfulness, executive function and various sub-functions of college students, and to explore the possible mechanism of improving mobile phone addiction in college students through mindful Tai Chi intervention.<strong>Research methods: </strong>In this study, students from a university in Beijing were selected as the research subjects, and those with scores higher than 40 points were selected by using the mobile phone Addiction Index (MPAI) scale. Cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, bone and joint diseases, depression and anxiety disorders were excluded. Finally, 66 subjects with an average age of 18 to 21 were included in the study. They were randomly divided into control group (33 people) and experimental group (33 people).The control group maintained the normal level of physical activity without additional intervention, while the experimental group received 8 weeks of mindfulness tai Chi intervention. The Tai Chi part of the intervention used was based on Yang's Tai Chi movements, while the mindfulness part included mindfulness no-extremity post and soothing and soft music to guide the practitioners to focus on themselves and return to inner peace. The exercise time was 40min each time. Among them, the non-pole pile exercise with mindfulness guidance language was 5min, the eight-style Tai Chi exercise was 30min (4min*6 sets, 1min interval between groups), and the relaxation part of the non-pole pile with music was 5min, and the exercise frequency was 3 times a week.The mobile phone addiction Scale (MPAI) developed by Liang Yongchi was used to evaluate the situation of mobile phone addiction before and after the intervention, and the mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) prepared by Brown and Ryan in 2003 was used to evaluate the level of mindfulness before and after the intervention. The executive function test tool was used to evaluate the executive function, including Flanker task (suppression function), 2-back task (refresh function) and More-odd shifting task (transformation function). The test indexes were reaction time (milliseconds) and correct rate (%). 2 (time: pre-test and post-test) ×2 (group: experimental group and control group) was used for repeated measurement ANOVA, Pearson was used for correlation analysis between variable quantities, and Model4, a new mediation effect program proposed by Wen Zhonglin et al., was used for mediation effect test.<strong>The results were as follows:</strong> (1) Cell phone addiction (t = -0.110, P = 0.913 &gt; 0.05), mindfulness level (t = 0.883, P = 0.381 &gt; 0.05) and subfunctional inhibition of executive function (correct rate t = -0.861, P = 0.393 &gt; 0.05; Reaction time t = -0.876, P = 0.384 &gt; 0.05), refresh function (correct rate t = -0.448, P = 0.656 &gt; 0.05; Reaction time t = -0.046, P = 0.963 &gt; 0.05) and conversion function (correct rate t = 1.165, P = 0.248 &gt; 0.05; There was no significant difference in t = 0.046, P = 0.963 &gt; 0.05), which showed homogeneity.(2) There was a significant difference in mobile phone addiction index between the experimental group and the control group after 8-week mindfulness tai Chi intervention (F = 6.167, P = 0.016 &lt; 0.05), and there was a significant difference in mindfulness level between the experimental group and the control group after 8-week mindfulness Tai Chi intervention (F = 4.146, P = 0.046 &lt; 0.05) and the sub-functional levels of executive function in the post-test experimental group and the control group, including the accuracy rate of inhibitory function (F = 15.466, P = 0.000 &lt; 0.01), the accuracy rate of inhibitory function response (F = 13.330, P = 0.001 &lt; 0.01), and the accuracy rate of refreshing function (F = 0.405, P = 0.527 &gt; 0.05), refresh function response (F = 1.078, P = 0.303 &gt; 0.01) and conversion function accuracy (F = 12.474, P = 0.001 &lt; 0.01);(3) Before and after mindfulness Tai Chi intervention, the decrease of mobile phone addiction index was correlated with the change value of inhibitory function response (r = 0.756, P=0.000 &lt; 0.01), the change value of refreshing function response (r = 0.035, P=0.045 &lt; 0.05) and the change value of switching function response (r = 0.397, P=0.045 &lt; 0.05). P=0.022 &lt; 0.05) pairwise correlation was significant; There was significant correlation between the increase of mindfulness level and the change value of inhibitory functional response (r = 0.394, P=0.023 &lt; 0.05).(4) The improvement of mindfulness level had a significant predictive effect on the decline of mobile phone addiction index (B = 1.199, t =4.1892, p=0.0002&lt;0.01), and the direct predictive effect of the improvement of mindfulness level on the decline of mobile phone addiction index was still significant after adding the intermediary variables (B = 0.716, t =3.1968, p=0.033&lt;0.05). The improvement of mindfulness level was significant in predicting the change of inhibitory function (B=0.283, t = 2.388, p=0.023&lt;0.05), and the improvement of inhibitory function was also significant in predicting the decline of mobile phone addiction index (B= 1.7081, t = 5.575, p= 0.000&lt;0.01). The change of inhibitory function in executive function played a partial mediating role in the influence of the improvement of mindfulness level on the decline of mobile phone addiction, and its direct effect (0.716) and intermediary effect (0.483) accounted for 59.72% and 40.28% of the total effect (1.199), respectively.<strong>Conclusion: </strong>8-week mindful Taijiquan intervention can improve the mobile phone addiction and the level of mindfulness, as well as the inhibition function, refresh function and conversion function in the executive function. The change of mobile phone addiction index was positively correlated with the change of inhibitory function, refresh function and conversion function, while the change of mindfulness level was only correlated with the change of inhibitory function. The improvement of mindfulness level can not only directly predict the decrease of mobile phone addiction index, but also predict the decrease of mobile phone addiction index through the mediating effect of inhibition function change. The improvement of inhibition function may be the mediating effect of the improvement of mindfulness level before and after the 8-week mindfulness Tai Chi intervention. This study provides theoretical and practical basis for mobile phone addicted college students to adopt reasonable exercise means.</p> Jizhao Li, Wanjiao Yang, Fang Zheng Copyright (c) 2024 Jizhao Li, Wanjiao Yang, Fang Zheng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/291 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/290 <p><strong>Aim:</strong> Human locomotion is inherently unstable and thus needs a complex postural control system that activates the lower extremity muscles, producing related coordinated movements of the hip, knee, and ankle joints, to maintain the center of gravity within its base of support. Patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) have changes in the lower limb sensorimotor function, resulting in impaired inter-joint coordination and postural stability, and increasing the risk of falls in daily life. Stair negotiation is a common but difficult and hazardous locomotor task for individuals with knee OA. Compare with walking, it requires greater postural control via highly coordinated joint movements. Studies have shown that individuals with knee OA demonstrated smaller knee flexion angles in conjunction with larger hip flexion angles and smaller ankle dorsiflexion angles during stair ascent. When descending the stair, they were observed to move their center of gravity anteriorly at the initiation of stepping down, accompanied by a decrease in knee angle and hip angle during the early stance phase, but no significant change in the ankle. Tai Chi Chuan (TCC), an ancient Chinese aerobic exercise can improve muscle strength and balance of lower limbs. However, there are few studies on the effects of TCC training on inter-joint coordination of the lower limb in individuals with knee OA. Cyclogram as a method of reflecting inter-joint coordination, have been used to investigate coordination patterns during level walking in individuals with knee OA, but only the hip-knee cyclogram in the sagittal plane was studied. The study aimed to explore the performance of hip-knee, hip-ankle, and knee-ankle coordination in the sagittal plane during stair negotiation after TCC training in individuals with knee OA and to investigate if TCC training is more efficient than balance training for improving inter-joint coordination. <strong>Method: </strong>28 participants with knee OA in the TCC group and 24 participants with knee OA in the control group eventually completed the intervention. The TCC group adopted Yang's Ten-form of Tai Chi Chuan training. It consists of commencement, repulsing the monkey, brushing the knee and twisting step, parting the wild horse’s mane, waving hands like clouds, golden cock stands one leg, kicking with heel leading, grasping the peacock's tail, crossing hand and closing. Whereas the control group underwent balance training, which included single-leg standing, walking forward, walking backward, side stepping, and single-leg tapping. The training lasts for 12 weeks and twice a week, 1 hour each time. Participants were evaluated with baseline characteristics, relevant scales (such as WOMAC, Berg, etc.), and three-dimensional gait analysis before and after the intervention. A 1.8-m walkway and a customized eight-step staircase (height: 20cm, tread depth:30 cm) with handrails on both sides were used to mimic daily stair negotiation in a university gait laboratory. At the top of the staircase, a 1-m long and 2.5-m wide platform with a fence around the platform was equipped for security. 75 reflective markers according to the calibrated systems technique protocol were attached to the anatomical landmarks of each subject. The marker trajectories were recorded at a sampling rate of 100 Hz by a 3D motion capture system equipped with ten infrared cameras (Oqus7+, Qualisys AB, Sweden). Participants were asked to ascend the stairs to the top and descend back to the floor at their comfortable speeds. Then, Visual3D (V6, C-motion Inc., Germantown, MD, USA) was used to analyze subjects' kinematic data during stair negotiation. The marker trajectories were filtered using a zero-lag fourth-order low-pass Butterworth filter with a cutoff frequency of 6 Hz, and gait parameters such as gait phase, and range of motion (ROM) on the affected side. After acquiring related gait parameters, the cyclograms in hip-knee, hip-ankle, and knee-ankle using MATLAB were generated by simultaneously plotting the hip, knee, and ankle joint angles in the sagittal plane throughout the entire gait cycle. The cyclograms used in this study were plotted in a clockwise direction from the stance phase to the swing phase, divided by the heel strike point and the toe-off point. Then, we obtained the average value of all cyclograms parameters including perimeters and areas of the stance phase, swing phase, and total gait cycle. A comprehensive analysis of the perimeters, areas, and displayed cyclograms can reflect the coordination of the lower limb joints. Statistically, mixed between-within-subjects ANOVAs were used to analyze the intergroup effect, time effect, and interaction effect. <strong>Result: </strong>There were no significant differences in age, sex, height, weight, BMI, and K/L grade between the two groups. After 12 weeks of Tai Chi Chuan training and balance training, WOMAC scores were lower and Berg scores were higher than before intervention. Hip-knee, hip-ankle, and knee-ankle cyclograms in the sagittal plane are shown at the end of the body of the abstract. Whether ascending or descending the stair, the ROM of the hip decreased in two groups after the intervention. Compared with pre-intervention, the ROM of the knee and ankle in both groups only decreased during the stair descent. And the ROM of the knee was greater in the TCC group than in the control group. During stair ascent, the swing phase perimeters and total perimeters of hip-knee, hip-ankle and knee-ankle cyclograms in the TCC group and the control group were significantly reduced compared with pre-intervention. The stance phase area of the hip-ankle cyclogram of the TCC group was significantly greater than that of the control group. During stair descent, significant time main effects indicated decreased all perimeter parameters of hip-knee cyclogram, total perimeters of hip-ankle cyclogram, the swing phase perimeters, and total perimeters of knee-ankle cyclograms in both the TCC group and control group after intervention. There were also fewer total areas in the hip-knee and hip-ankle cyclogram in the two groups. In the hip-ankle and knee-ankle cyclograms, the perimeter of the stance phase had significant interaction effects between time and group. The results of simple effect analysis showed that the TCC group decreased after the intervention while it did not change the control group. And the perimeter of the hip-ankle cyclogram in the stance phase was significantly smaller in the Tai Chi group than in the balanced group after the intervention. In addition, the investigation of simple effects analysis of area parameters with significant interaction effects for the stance phase of all cyclograms and the total knee-ankle cyclogram. It shows that only the TCC group had a decrease in cyclograms’ areas after the intervention. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Twelve weeks of tai chi training and balance training both improved symptoms and balance function in participants with knee OA. Following the intervention, participants with knee OA during stair ascent from the toes off the ground to the next stair exhibited increased hip flexion, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion angles, were able to transition more quickly to the next heel strike, and therefore demonstrated a tendency for the cyclograms to decrease in perimeters. In addition, the reduction in the ROM of the hip in both groups after the intervention may be due to a change in the compensatory strategy of the patients due to their improved balance as well as muscle strength, which does not require increased foot clearance ability to prevent falls by increasing hip joint angle. The area of the hip-knee cyclogram during the stance phase was significantly larger in the TCC group than in the control group probably because of inherent intergroup differences in the ROM of the knee between the two groups. The cyclograms during the descending stair period observe that the hip flexion angle in patients with knee OA is greater than pre-intervention in both the stance and swing phase, thus affecting the change in cyclograms perimeters and areas. Moreover, the increase in hip flexion angle in the stance phase after the intervention in the TCC group was accompanied by a decrease in knee flexion angle, which led to a decrease in the knee joint load, and therefore a significant decrease in the area in the hip-knee cyclogram in the stance phase. This change is consistent with the concept of “loosening the waist and dropping the hips” and “forcing the hips to strengthen the knees” in TCC training. In addition, the hip-ankle cyclogram and knee-ankle cyclogram in the TCC group showed a reduction in the ankle plantarflexion angle during the stance phase, improving the delay from heel strike to maximum ankle dorsiflexion angle in patients with knee OA. And reduced ROM of the hip, knee, and ankle joints in both groups may indicate improved postural control and a reduced range of center of gravity movement in patients with knee OA, without the need for compensatory increases in joint range of motion to increase stability. In summary, both TCC and balance training improved the inter-joint coordination in the lower limb during stair negotiation in patients with knee OA, and the TCC intervention was more pronounced in improving lower limb coordination during stair descent. In addition, the symptoms and balance function of KOA improved after the intervention, and the perimeters and areas of the cyclograms tended to decrease after the intervention. Therefore, the cyclograms can be used as an objective basis for the subsequent determination of whether the sensorimotor system function of patients with KOA improves or not, as well as an effective method to study movement patterns and inter-joint coordination.</p> Jiaqi Zheng, Meijing Hou, Xiangbin Wang Copyright (c) 2024 Jiaqi Zheng, Meijing Hou, Xiangbin Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/290 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/238 <p>See PDF for details</p> Xiaohong Du Copyright (c) 2024 Xiaohong Du https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/238 Thu, 23 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/251 <p>See PDF for details</p> Jingang Yang Copyright (c) 2024 Jingang Yang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/251 Thu, 11 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/250 <p><strong>Abstract:</strong><strong>Background:</strong> Switch function refers to the process of switching back and forth operationally or between psychological stereotypes when performing a complex task, and refers to the need for individuals to flexibly change their responses in an appropriate manner to adapt to new requirements when completing a task, which is specifically embodied in the fact that, when two tasks are competing for the same cognitive resources, the process of controlling the interconversion of these two tasks is one of the important components of executive functioning, which influences the development of individuals' behavioural activities and social adaptations. behavioural activities and social adaptation development. As the builders and successors of the country, poor switching function will lead to difficulties in attention switching and reduced decision-making ability, and even affect the lifelong development of college students. Research has shown that switch functionsing is plastic throughout an individual's lifespan, and exploring effective interventions to enhance switch functionsing in college students has become a hot topic of interest for researchers in multiple disciplines. Studies in the field of psychology have shown that mental training such as positive thinking training, attention training, meditation training, and breathing training have positive effects on the improvement of switch functionsing. Studies in the field of exercise psychology have found that different exercise programmes, exercise intervention cycles, exercise intensities and single intervention durations have different benefits on the facilitation of switch function, and the relationship between the type, duration, intensity, frequency and other components of exercise, both individually and interactively, and the relationship between them and the switch function still needs to be studied in depth. However, most of the current studies use laboratory exercises (power cycling, running platform) and comprehensive exercise programmes, which have low ecological validity, are not easy to be popularized and promoted to the college student population, affect the promotion and application of exercise programmes in real-life scenarios, and limit the development of research on the use of exercise to promote the switch function in college students. Tai Chi is a traditional Chinese exercise that combines physical and mental unity, mind and body relaxation, and both intention and health and fitness, and contains components such as body movement, breathing, and meditation. Previous studies have shown that Tai Chi has a positive effect on the switch function of individuals. However, most of the studies on Tai Chi and switch function have examined the effects of Tai Chi on switch function at two points in time, before and after the exercise intervention, but have not yet addressed the tracking of its effects, and most of the current study groups are elderly people, with relatively few studies on Tai Chi for college students.</p> <p><strong>Aim of the study:</strong> This study took college students as the research object, designed a 16-week intervention programme based on the elements of "form, qi and intention" of Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu), comprehensively applied the measurement methods and techniques of kinesiology and psychology, and adopted a tracking research design to investigate the effects of 16 weeks of Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) on the switch function and its post-effects, which was the first time to use the Bafa Wubu in Tai Chi. It provides a theoretical and practical basis for the use of Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) to promote the development of switch function in college students, provides a basis for the design of a long-term exercise intervention programme to promote the healthy development of switch function in college students, and provides scientific evidence for the establishment of Tai Chi as the preferred means of enhancing switch function to assist a healthy China. Therefore, this study has certain theoretical significance and practical value.</p> <p><strong>RESEARCH METHODS:</strong> This study was conducted with 89 college students, and a two-factor mixed experimental design of 3 (group: Tai Chi group, walking group, control group) × 3 (time: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 2 weeks after cessation of the intervention) was adopted, in which subjects were randomly divided into a Tai Chi group, a walking group, and a control group in accordance with the proportion of gender. The Tai Chi group was given a 16-week, three times a week, 60-minute Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) exercise intervention; the walking group was given a 16-week, three times a week, 60-minute walking exercise intervention; and the control group was given a normal study life. College students' switch function was measured using the More-odd shifting task before, after, and 2 weeks after the intervention was stopped. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare the changes and differences in the response time and correct rate of college students' switch function before, after, and 2 weeks after the cessation of the 16-week exercise intervention.</p> <p><strong>The results of the study:</strong> (1) repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the differences in the response time of the switch function before and after the 16-week Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) exercise intervention and 2 weeks after the intervention was stopped, and it was found that Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) could enhance the efficiency of the switch function of college students very significantly, and the effect of the intervention was stable for 2 weeks after the intervention was over, and the effect was better than that of walking, and the intervention of walking had very significant enhancement effects on the efficiency of the switch function of college students, and the intervention effect was stable for 2 weeks after the intervention was over. (2) The repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the differences in the correct rate of switch function before and after the 16-week Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) exercise intervention and 2 weeks after the intervention was stopped, and it was found that the Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) exercise could significantly improve the efficiency of the switch function of college students, and the intervention effect was stable for 2 weeks after the intervention, and better than that of the walking group. It was found that Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) exercise could significantly improve the switch function performance of college students, and the intervention effect was stable within 2 weeks after the intervention, and it was better than that of the walking group.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>(1) Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) intervention for 16 weeks can significantly improve the switch function of college students. (2) Walking for 16 weeks was able to significantly improve the switch function. (3) The effect of Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) on switch function was stable for 2 weeks after the intervention, and the effect was better than that of walking.</p> Tong Xia, Hengchan Yin, Lei Cui, Qiqi Shen, Jinmei Hou, Jingyi Zhang Copyright (c) 2024 Tong Xia, Hengchan Yin, Lei Cui, Qiqi Shen, Jinmei Hou, Jingyi Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/250 Wed, 10 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/249 <p><strong>Abstract: Objective</strong>: According to the data released by the Statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development 2018 by the Chinese Bureau of Statistics, as of 2018, the number of people aged 60 and above in China reached 249.49 million, accounting for 17.9% of China's total population, and this number is recent years, the incidence of knee osteoarthritis has been increasing year by year. Knee joint osteoarthritis has a significant impact on the living conditions of middle-aged and elderly people in our country and has caused a great economic and social burden on society and families. International guidelines also state that exercise therapy is the preferred approach for patients with milder knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, exercise therapy is given top priority in community health care. Due to decreased physical function among middle-aged and elderly individuals, it is necessary to develop a fitness plan specifically designed for elderly patients with knee arthritis. Taijiquan is considered as low-intensity aerobic exercise suitable for middle-aged and elderly individuals in China. By observing its influence on elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis compared to physical therapy, this paper aims to determine differences in efficacy between Taijiquan practice and physical therapy in improving symptoms associated with knee osteoarthritis among older adults.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: 60 elderly patients with knee arthritis were randomly divided into Taijiquan group (n=30) and physical therapy group (n=30). Taijiquan group adopts the "Eight forms of Taijiquan" formulated by the General Administration of Sport of the State. The main movements are: finger curl, lap lap, wild horse hair parting, cloud hand, golden rooster independent, foot pushing, holding the tail of the bird, cross hand, and the rising and folding style. Using progress, retreat, oblique step and center of gravity change in different directions to promote the movement of leg muscles and knee joints to enhance muscle strength and enhance the dynamic stability of the trunk and lower limbs. Perform 60 minutes of exercise three times a week; The physical therapy group performed quadriceps isometric contraction training, straight leg elevation training, knee flexion and extension training three times a week according to the expert consensus of Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation Treatment. Both groups received knee osteoarthritis related health education, including how to correctly exercise and change bad lifestyle habits, once a week for 12 weeks. WOMAC Index (Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index), joint range of motion and SAS scale (Self-Rating Anxiety) were evaluated before intervention (baseline) and after intervention Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the General Self-efficacy Scale. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. Continuous variables such as age, BMI and WOMAC score were represented by mean ± standard deviation. A single sample T-test was used to compare the Tai Chi group with the physical therapy group. Chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variables (such as gender, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, etc.) between the two groups. For the data that do not meet the normal distribution, non-parametric test is used for statistical analysis. The main indicator of this study was to measure the differences in WOMAC scores and ROM scores between the two groups before and after the intervention. P &lt; 0.05 in all analyses indicated that the indicator was statistically significant.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: After 12 weeks of intervention, WOMAC score, SAS score and PSQI score of KOA patients in Tai Chi group and physical therapy group were decreased, joint range of motion was increased, GSES score was increased, and symptoms were improved in both groups. However, in the comparative study of the two groups, it was found that the effect of Taijiquan group was significantly better than that of the control group, and the WOMAC score, joint range of motion and SAS score of Taijiquan group were significantly better than that of the physical therapy group, with statistical differences (P &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were found in other indicators, indicating that the effect of Taijiquan group was better than that of the physical therapy group. This study also found that the adherence of the Taijiquan group was higher than that of the physical therapy group, and the overall efficacy perception of the Taijiquan group was significantly better than the latter. Taijiquan is a team sport, and the interaction during practice can promote the interest and enthusiasm of the practitioners. On the other hand, physical therapy requires patients to actively communicate with therapists and actively cooperate with training. The intervention lasting for 3 months is difficult for subjects.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The effect of Taijiquan and physical therapy on the symptoms of KOA patients; the influence of Taijiquan and physiotherapy on joint range of motion in patients with KOA and the effects of Taijiquan and physical therapy on the anxiety of KOA patients were analyzed. The study found that after 12 weeks of intervention, the Taijiquan group and the physical therapy group had improved the pain, function, joint motion and anxiety scores of the knee joint, but in general, the effect of Taijiquan group was significantly better than that of the physical therapy group, and the taijiquan group could increase the knee joint motion, relieve stiffness and promote coordinated development of the whole body. There were no serious adverse reactions in the two groups during the study. Compared with physical therapy, Taijiquan group has the characteristics of economy, practicality and convenience, which can increase the treatment compliance of patients with knee osteoarthritis and promote the physical and mental health development of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Taijiquan practice can significantly improve the symptoms of elderly patients with knee arthritis, and compared with physical therapy, Taijiquan practice is better for elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, Taijiquan practice is safe, feasible and effective for knee osteoarthritis in the community. Taijiquan can become a long-term exercise method for the rehabilitation of elderly patients with knee arthritis, and Taijiquan practice is worth promoting and applying in the community.</p> Zhanwei Tian, Yafang Cao Copyright (c) 2024 Zhanwei Tian, Yafang Cao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/249 Wed, 10 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/247 <p>See PDF for details</p> Jinmei Hou, Hengchan Yin, Lei Cui, Qiqi Shen, Tong Xia, Jingyi Zhang Copyright (c) 2024 Jinmei Hou, Hengchan Yin, Lei Cui, Qiqi Shen, Tong Xia, Jingyi Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/247 Tue, 09 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/246 <p>See PDF for details</p> Ziyin Liu, Wang Qi, Yanhao Liu, Shiyu Dong, Qipeng Song Copyright (c) 2024 Ziyin Liu, Wang Qi, Yanhao Liu, Shiyu Dong, Qipeng Song https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/246 Tue, 09 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/245 <p>See PDF for details</p> Qi-Qi Shen, Heng-chan Yin, Lei Cui, Jin-Mei Hou, Tong Xia Copyright (c) 2024 Qi-Qi Shen, Heng-chan Yin, Lei Cui, Jin-Mei Hou, Tong Xia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/245 Tue, 09 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/244 <p>See PDF for details</p> Jianwei Zhang Copyright (c) 2024 Jianwei Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/244 Tue, 09 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/242 <p>See PDF for details</p> Lei Cui Copyright (c) 2024 Lei Cui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/242 Tue, 09 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/252 <p>See PDF for details</p> Ming Huo, Xiaobin Xia Copyright (c) 2024 Ming Huo, Xiaobin Xia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/252 Thu, 11 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/237 <p class="4"><span lang="EN-US">A large body of evidence suggests that although Tai Chi is less effective at increasing strength, it is more effective at reducing falls among older adults than functional or muscular strength training approaches. There must be other mechanisms underlying the effects of Tai Chi in reducing falls, and we are trying to identify them. We propose the following mechanisms.1. Tai Chi's unique movement patterns mimic fall movements and increase resistance to falls.2. As a "mind-body" exercise, Tai Chi enhances sensations, i.e., the afferent nervous system.3. Tai Chi improves the function and microstructure of the central nervous system. Substantial evidence from our research team is presented to support these mechanisms.</span></p> Copyright (c) 2024 Qipeng Song https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/237 Tue, 14 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/236 <p class="4"><span lang="EN-US">At the crossroads of contemporary Chinese studies, martial arts studies and the anthropology of the body, this doctoral thesis reflects on body movements and technical knowledge of Chinese martial arts today. Its guiding idea is that the complex issues linked to the transmission of these traditional practices, their institutional reinterpretation and their influence on the collective imagery can be traced back in the materiality of practitioners' bodies and their movements. Based on an analysis of the circulation of kinesic knowledge through various frameworks of practice in China today, this research is divided into four parts: a theoretical reflection on the broad notion of embodiment and its application in the Social sciences and Humanities; an inventory of the major categories that define the Chinese martial arts; two studies that describe, mainly in the form of ethnographic observations, both traditional and sport practices observed in China; a reflection on the collective imagery linked to martial arts and how this can be interpreted today.</span></p> Pierrick Porchet Copyright (c) 2024 Pierrick Porchet https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/236 Tue, 14 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/235 <p class="4"><span lang="EN-US">World champion Novak Djokovic practices Taijichuan (Tai Chi Chuan) and meditation as part of his daily training and on-court routine, thus supporting the idea that Taijichuan can enhance tennis performance. Former University of Virginia head mens tennis coach John Dokken developed the Taiji Tennis Method (TTM) approximately 30 years ago (when Novak was still a young child) after he learned both Taijichaun and QiGong from his friend and business partner John Alton. While coaching and playing tennis, Dokken began applying the Taiji principles of relaxed , efficient movement to his own performance in regional and national playing competitions, as well as to that of his student athletes. Over the years of testing and applying Taiji principles, The TTM became the systematized approach outlined in the presentation. It illustrates basic Taiji movements that are most applicable to tennis physics and kinesiology, and cites case studies that demonstrate the efficacy and value of TTM. A few cases go beyond the mere physical aspects of the TTM and explore the possibilities of incorporating aspects of Qigong that sharpens the players awareness and anticipation of opponent on-court behavior and attitude. The TTM shows that creative integration of Taijiquan and Qigong into Western sports such as tennis benefits players and enhances appreciation of traditional Chinese health practices.&nbsp; </span></p> John Dokken Copyright (c) 2024 John Dokken https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/235 Tue, 14 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/234 <p>As the founding Co-Associate Editors,the Editor-in- Chief and Elsevier, we are excited to pen this article that launches a new bio-medical research journal, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity–Integrative(BBI-Integrative). In 1987,the first Editor-in-Chief of another new journal, Robert Ader and colleagues wrote the first paper published inBrain, Behavior, and Immunity(BBI, Ader et al.,1987). In 1998, the Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society(PNIRS) membership approved a resolution for BBI to become its official journal. After negotiations with leading publishing houses, on January 1,2000, BBI be-came the official journal of PNIRS (Kelley,2001). At that time, BBI wasowned by Academic Press. Within three short years, Elsevier acquire downership of BBI and appointed Keith W.Kelley as the new Editor-in-Chief. He wrote a lead editorial following his appointment(Kelley,2003). Carmine Pariante was subsequently appointed to this position in2018, at which time he laid out his goals for BBI (Pariante,2018). Two years later,the Board of Directors of PNIRS and Elsevier approved publication of the first sister journal of BBI, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity–Health (BBI-Health). Carmine Pariante and colleagues described why this sister journal of BBI was needed(Cattaneo et al,2020). Now, both PNIRS and Elsevier are expanding the scope of psychoneuroimmunology(PNI) research by launching a second official companion journal of PNIRS, BBI-Integrative. This new journal is needed because it focuses on Asian health practices and medicine.</p> Liye Zou Copyright (c) 2024 Liye Zou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/234 Mon, 13 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/233 <p>See PDF for details</p> Yulin Wang, Xiaolei Liu, Yutong Shen Shen, Tingting Cao Copyright (c) 2024 Yulin Wang, Xiaolei Liu, Yutong Shen Shen, Tingting Cao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/233 Mon, 13 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/232 <p>See PDF for details</p> Kyle Staller, Mary Paz, Ramel Rones, Eric A. Macklin, Isabelle Garcia-Fischer, Helen Burton Murray, Braden Kuo Copyright (c) 2024 Kyle Staller, Mary Paz, Ramel Rones, Eric A. Macklin, Isabelle Garcia-Fischer, Helen Burton Murray, Braden Kuo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/232 Mon, 13 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/219 <p>The Chinese history of Qi—loosely translatable as “vital force”— is fundamental for understanding not only traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), but also, arguably, Chinese Civilization. However, Westerner medical and physical scientists have staunchly opposed the possibility that Qi exists. While there have been some meager studies done of Taijiquan and Qigong masters that show some ability to spontaneously regulate autonomic body functions, such as cardiovascular flow and oscillations, no Western medical researcher has shown that any Taijiquan or Qigong master can exude exceptional electromagnetic energy, beyond modest infrared radiation that others with no experience with either Taijiquan or Qigong have been able to produce.</p> <p>Ironically, a new Western framework for understanding and verifying Qi has emerged over the past 50 years: Torsion Energy Field (TEF). Based on proposals put forth by Albert Einstein, along with other historic physicists (e.g., Nicoli Tesla), TEF provides a plausible concept that can be used to test both modest and extravagant claims of TCM, not only in terms of human health but in environmental management (feng shui). According to theory, TEF’s are generated by spin-spin polarity of particles (electrons, protons, molecules) that become organized in inanimate objects as complex general TEF’s that become even more complex in living organisms. When set into motion, the TEF’s generated by objects and living organisms make Torsion Waves (TW’s) that propagate infinitely across spacetime and intersect with other TEF’s, thus becoming “entangled,” despite spacetime separation.</p> <p>The Great Border Project (GBP) is a research proposal to use one simple experimental method for TEF detection developed by Professor Konstantine Meyl, using a duel Tesla coil system and a wooden frame. With this simple design, Meyl was able to demonstrate that Tesla coils produce both left and right side TEF’s. Gao Peng (University of Science and Technology of China) successfully repeated Meyl’s original TEF detection experiment, supporting its viability as a method for TEF detection. The GBP proposes to adapt the work of Meyl and Peng to test the effect of various living organisms, in particular a human being, on the Telsa-coil-generated TEF’s. The short-term goal of the GBP is to show that the presence of living organisms will have distinct, measurable effects on TEF behavior generated by Tesla coils. The long-term goal is to show that the beating human heart with particular harmonics that have already been associated with Taijiquan and Qigong health benefits will emerge as reliable markers for TEF that relate to health and longevity. Such an outcome not only will help to explain the legitimacy of ancient traditional Chinese health practices, but may open a pathway for the development of a new scientific technology of Qi that can serve to the betterment of humankind.</p> John Alton Copyright (c) 2024 John Alton https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/219 Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/253 <p>See PDF for details</p> Changsi Zhang, Jiawei Wang, Sihan Zhang Copyright (c) 2024 Changsi Zhang, Jiawei Wang, Sihan Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/253 Thu, 11 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/254 <p><strong>Abstract: Research Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the interplay between economy and culture, recognizing that economic factors shape the development of culture while culture, in turn, exerts influence on economic development. The current strategic focus in our country is on becoming a strong cultural nation, as emphasized in the 20th National Congress by the Party with respect to two key strategies: "Advancing cultural self-confidence and strength to forge a new era of socialist cultural brilliance" and "Extensively promoting nationwide fitness activities, strengthening youth sports initiatives, fostering comprehensive development of mass sports and competitive sports, and accelerating the construction of a sports powerhouse." Chinese President Xi Jinping has also highlighted the importance of sports development, stating that it not only constitutes a significant aspect of realizing the Chinese Dream but also provides a powerful spiritual impetus for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Upholding the spirit of Chinese sports, promoting sports ethics, and facilitating the coordinated development of mass sports, competitive sports, and the sports industry are imperative in our pursuit of constructing a sports powerhouse. In light of these considerations, the establishment of a fitness culture assumes increasing significance. Adopting an East-West cultural ideals perspective, this paper employs research methods such as literature review, comparative analysis, and logical analysis to investigate the distinctions between Western fitness exercises and traditional Chinese health-preserving exercises. The findings of this study aim to propel the development of sports culture and its related endeavors.</p> <p><strong>Research Methods:</strong>1. Literature Review: A comprehensive literature review was conducted utilizing official library websites such as Shandong Sports University Library and the National Library of China, as well as academic platforms like CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and Wanfang Database. Key search terms such as "Western fitness exercises" and "traditional Chinese health-preserving exercises" were employed to gather relevant books, publications from core journals, and scholarly articles to provide theoretical support for this research. 2. Expert Interviews: Interviews were conducted with experts and scholars in relevant fields to gather insights into Western fitness exercises and traditional Chinese health-preserving exercises, including their origins and historical development. 3. Logical Analysis: The collected materials were systematically organized and analyzed to form the main content of this research. 4. Comparative Study: A comparative analysis was conducted to compare Western fitness exercises with traditional Chinese health-preserving exercises, resulting in the findings and conclusions of this study.</p> <p><strong>Research Results:</strong> Cultural Ideals in Western Fitness Exercises: (1) Educational Cultural Ideals: Western fitness exercises originated from education. The ancient Greek philosopher and thinker Plato equated physical education with intellectual education. During the period of Solon's reforms, the status of sports was elevated, and it was considered a means of cultivating talent along with moral, intellectual, and aesthetic education. The fitness industry in Athens also experienced certain development during this time, and the English word "academy" in higher education originated from a gymnasium in Athens. In the modern era, influenced by the Renaissance and the Enlightenment movement, fitness exercises developed in a more scientific and humanistic direction. Knightly training and Greek-style fitness methods gained recognition and importance from philosophers and educators, playing a significant role in the history of physical education. (2) Military Training Ideology: Western fitness exercises have had military functions since their inception. The city-state of Sparta had a primarily military nature, and its extreme military fitness training, while enhancing the physical abilities, fitness, and combat readiness of its inhabitants, had certain negative effects on social development due to its neglect of intellectual education. Athens also conducted military training through fitness exercises to cultivate military personnel who possessed both literary and martial skills. However, it was limited to adult male citizens of the city-state, neglecting women and hindering social development. In the modern era, with the evolving global situation, the military functions of fitness exercises gradually gained prominence in various European and American countries. Prominent German physical education teacher Friedrich Ludwig Jahn established the Jahn gymnastics system, which had certain influence on later events such as the Franco-Prussian War. Swedish writer, poet, and educator Pehr Henrik Ling developed military gymnastics based on theories like anatomical studies, which included the Ling system of gymnastics used for military training, contributing to the physical and mental development of soldiers. (3) Scientific Theories and Ideas, including Anatomy: Starting from the Enlightenment period, scientific ideas such as exercise anatomy have played a significant role in the development of Western fitness exercises. Influenced by disciplines such as exercise anatomy and sports psychology, Western fitness exercises have undergone scientific development. Whether it is changes in physique, improvements in physical fitness, release of psychological stress, or enhancement of mental well-being, Western fitness exercises have positive implications.2. Cultural Ideals in Traditional Chinese Health-Preserving Exercises: (1) Philosophical Ideas of Laozi and the Book of Changes (Zhouyi): The emergence of traditional Chinese health-preserving exercises is closely related to the philosophical ideas of Laozi and the Book of Changes. On one hand, the philosophy of Laozi emphasizes the role of natural laws, stillness for nurturing life, and the unity of form and spirit in health preservation. On the other hand, the Book of Changes emphasizes the dialectical unity of yin and yang as well as movement and stillness. As a result, traditional health-preserving exercises are characterized by relatively slow movement speeds and gentle rhythms, which contribute to comprehensive adjustments of the body. (2) Ideals from Tai Chi and Other Martial Arts Schools: Martial arts-based health preservation is the outcome of the integration of traditional health-preserving exercises with martial arts. Chen-style Tai Chi Chuan, for example, was developed by Chen Wangting based on Qu Jiguang's "Thirty-Two Styles of Fist" combined with skills such as guided energy techniques. It plays a crucial role in regulating the body's energy and blood circulation. Shaolin Zen Martial Medicine emphasizes the role of nourishing Qi (vital energy), asserting that whether practicing martial arts or acquiring certain skills, one must first nourish Qi. By prioritizing the cultivation of Qi, all other endeavors become more efficient. Additionally, it emphasizes the combination of Zen meditation and health-preservation methods in bringing about physiological and psychological changes. (3) Traditional Chinese Medicine Theories such as Yin-Yang and Five Elements: The relevant theories of traditional Chinese medicine provide guidance for traditional health-preserving exercises. The Yin-Yang and Five Elements theories suggest that the human body consists of the interaction of Yin and Yang as well as the five elements of metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. These elements correspond to the body's five viscera, five bowels, and five flavors. Health can only be achieved when there is relative harmony between Yin-Yang and the Five Elements. This theory also forms the foundation for the creation of the Five Animal Frolics exercise. The theory of Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches divides a day into twelve segments, each associated with specific organs and their functions. Adhering to these principles is essential for maintaining the normal functioning of the body. The theory of meridians divides the human body into twelve meridians, eight extraordinary meridians, and 720 acupoints. These acupoints and meridians connect various organs and tissues in the body. Stimulating specific acupoints is beneficial for treating certain diseases. The creation of the Da Wu dance is based on the theory of meridians in traditional Chinese medicine.</p> <p><strong>Research Conclusion:</strong> Based on the aforementioned content, the following differences between Western fitness exercises and traditional Chinese health-preserving exercises can be identified:(1) Origins: Western fitness exercises originated from education, primarily focusing on cultivating moral qualities through external factors such as teachers. On the other hand, traditional Chinese health-preserving exercises trace their roots back to the philosophical ideas of Laozi and the Book of Changes, emphasizing self-cultivation and inner transformation to shape individuals' moral and values systems. As a result, traditional Chinese health-preserving exercises place relatively greater emphasis on the role of internal factors such as psychology and emotions in effecting personal change.(2) Functional Aspects: In addition to its educational function, Western fitness exercises also have a certain military function, significantly influencing the physical fitness of soldiers and the combat effectiveness of military units. The integration of traditional martial arts contributes to the development of certain combat skills within traditional health-preserving exercises. Furthermore, traditional health-preserving exercises draw guidance from theories in traditional Chinese medicine, thus possessing certain therapeutic functions.(3) Theoretical Orientations: Western fitness exercises are guided by theories of exercise anatomy, exercise physiology, and sports psychology. They emphasize the use of high-intensity exercise to promote physical and mental well-being. In contrast, traditional Chinese health-preserving exercises are rooted in the theories of traditional Chinese medicine, emphasizing not only the effects of physical exercise but also the importance of lifestyle habits. Compared to Western fitness exercises, traditional Chinese health-preserving exercises tend to take a more holistic approach.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> Cui Yi Han, Sheng Li Copyright (c) 2024 Cui Yi Han, Sheng Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/254 Thu, 11 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/257 <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Taijiquan is an important part of Chinese traditional culture, which has a long history and rich cultural connotation. Under the background of the new era, Taijiquan has the value of shaping the national image of "harmonious China", promoting global cultural exchange and mutual learning, promoting the development of global health preservation, the expression medium of free spirit, and promoting the art of time and space. This paper uses the literature data method and the expert interview method to explore the contemporary value of Taijiquan and the path of educational inheritance. Taijiquan has a profound impact on body cognition, body technology and cultural symbols, and also plays a positive role in cross-cultural communication and identity. As a unique body practice and cultural heritage, Tai Chi has attracted people from all over the world. This paper focuses on the application value of Tai Chi in contemporary society and its implementation path in educational inheritance, in order to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the inheritance and development of Tai Chi.</p> <p>The philosophical thinking and unique body language of Tai Chi have had profound effects on a global scale. Taijiquan integrates Taoism, Confucianism and military strategists, with profound cultural connotation and unique martial arts style. As an intangible cultural heritage, maintaining and inheriting Taijiquan is of great significance for maintaining and carrying forward the cultural tradition of the Chinese nation and displaying the diversity of Chinese culture. At the same time, Taijiquan is not only one of the representative types of martial arts, but also a cultural phenomenon with body perception and expression as the core.</p> <p>In the context of the new era, the application value of Taijiquan is more extensive. First of all, Taijiquan can shape the national image of "harmonious China", and help the promotion and dissemination of the national image through the establishment of multi-dimensional and three-dimensional publicity. Secondly, Taijiquan can promote global cultural exchanges and mutual learning, show the unique charm of Chinese culture through cross-cultural exchanges and international competitions, and promote exchanges and understanding among different cultures. In addition, Taijiquan can also promote the development of global health preservation. As a form of healthy exercise, Taijiquan has a positive role in the improvement of physical function and mental health, and can contribute to the cause of global health.<br>Taijiquan can also act as a medium of free spirit, conveying thoughts, emotions and values through the use and expression of body language. In addition, Taijiquan can also promote the value of The Times with time and space art, through the combination and innovation with dance, painting and other arts, to show a more colorful art forms and expressive force. In order to better promote and popularize Taijiquan, this paper puts forward the following strategies: First, establish a multi-dimensional and three-dimensional publicity mechanism to improve the public's awareness and attention to Taijiquan. Through media publicity, cultural exchange activities, sports events and other forms, more people can understand and understand the cultural connotation and application value of Taijiquan. Secondly, innovate teaching methods and methods to improve the quality and effect of Tai Chi education. Modern technology and diversified teaching methods, such as online teaching and interactive teaching, so that more people can learn Taijiquan easily and quickly. Third, deepen the depth of Taijiquan research, and strengthen the transformation and application of scientific research results. It can strengthen exchanges and cooperation with other disciplines, carry out in-depth research, and explore the profound influence and function mechanism of Taijiquan on physical cognition, body technology and cultural symbols. Fourth, establish a social participation mechanism for the inheritance and development of Taijiquan to stimulate the enthusiasm of social forces to participate in the inheritance and development of Taijiquan. It can guide social organizations and groups to participate in the inheritance and development of Tai Chi, strengthen the integrated development with related industries and fields, and promote the prosperity and development of Tai Chi industry.<br>To sum up, Taijiquan, as an important part of Chinese traditional culture, has extensive application value and educational inheritance significance. Under the context of the new era, we should strengthen the research and promotion of Taijiquan, and give full play to its positive role in shaping the national image of "harmonious China", promoting global cultural exchanges and mutual learning, and promoting the development of global health preservation. At the same time, we should also strengthen the work of teaching innovation and educational inheritance, provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the inheritance and development of Taijiquan through the implementation of corresponding development strategies, help them to better serve the cause of human health and cultural exchanges, further promote Chinese culture to the world stage and play a greater role.</p> Weiyan Wang, Zhou Li Copyright (c) 2024 Weiyan Wang, Zhou Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/257 Thu, 11 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/258 <p><strong>Abstract: Objective: </strong>Combination of medicine and sports, an important direction for China to actively promote the improvement of national physical quality, is a deep-seated and multi-dimensional organic combination of sports and medicine in sports science, public health, clinical medicine and other related fields. As the representative of traditional Chinese martial arts, Tai Chi, which is widely used in the rehabilitation of diseases with a long history and good compliance, has the functions of fitness, self-defense and health preservation. However, in the integration with medicine, traditional Tai Chi still has some shortcomings, such as complex routines, lack of scientific exercise, and limited promotion. Therefore, to condense Tai Chi thinking from the exercise, integrate with relevant medical concepts and sports methods, form the cross integration of traditional sports and modern medicine, and establish new types of characteristic sports, is an effective breakthrough to help rehabilitated people, people with disease or signs of disease, and the sub-health population recover, to promote national fitness and improve physical fitness.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>in view of the disadvantages of traditional Tai Chi exercise (such as long and complex routines, high professional requirements for movements, weak disease pertinence and irreversible sports injury diseases caused by long-term non-standard practice), we propose a new concept of ‘medical sports Tai Chi’ to scientifically and reasonably integrate Tai Chi and medicine by taking the Chinese Tai Chi culture as the basis and the scientific movement of Tai Chi Boxing as the framework, integrating the relevant medical concepts (such as modern rehabilitation medicine, sports medicine and clinical medicine), and combining experts in the field of sports and medicine to issue prescriptions for specific diseases or sub-health conditions, in order to form a unique training system. We have refined the five characteristics of ‘multi-dimensional training, systematic adjustment; internal and external integration, nourishing the body and replenishing qi; targeting diseases accurately; gambling strengths, short and capable; cultural guidance, physical and mental integration’. Guided by the concept of Tai Chi dynamic balance, meditation and relaxation can promote the adjustment of spirit, emotion and psychology, drive the body with breathing and improve cardiopulmonary function; Improving immunity by virtue of the unique internal Qi cultivation method; By integrating multiple dimensions including musculoskeletal movement, breath adjustment, meditation and consciousness relaxation, exclusive actions can be set for a variety of specific diseases; Taking Tai Chi Boxing as the core, learning from fitness Qigong, Western fitness sports (such as yoga and Pilates), modern sports rehabilitation medicine and other sports methods, short but efficient movements that were consistent with human exercise physiology were screened and arranged for specialized training; The teaching of medical sports Tai Chi imperceptibly spreads Chinese traditional culture, enhances national and cultural self-confidence, and eventually achieves comprehensive improvement of physical and mental health. Professor Bin Xue from Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, together with Jiangsu Provincial Cancer Hospital and the oncology department of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, carried out an experimental study on Applied Rehabilitation for tumors; the research on the specialized ‘medical sports Tai Chi’ exercise project for congenital heart disease was carried out with Guangzhou Children's hospital, the perioperative children with congenital heart disease received Tai Chi exercise rehabilitation training. 7 targeted movements combined with respiratory training were designed for children over 5 years old, through home training, pre-rehabilitation before operation, in-hospital rehabilitation and rehabilitation after discharge, forming the whole cycle exercise rehabilitation integration of congenital heart disease. Meanwhile, a series of international cooperation has been carried out in Chile and Portugal.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> In recent years, Tai Chi Boxing guided by ‘medical sports Tai Chi’ has been popularized in the rehabilitation of different diseases and among the people, specific training policies and plans have been set for various groups and has made achievements. There are clinical studies that support Tai Chi exercise therapy for patients during perioperative period, radiotherapy and chemotherapy or advanced cancer: it can improve sleep disorders, immune function, lymphedema, quality of life of patients after modified radical mastectomy (for breast cancer) or radical gastrectomy (for stomach cancer or colon cancer), and improve cancer-related fatigue, immune function, negative emotions in lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma during radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In the specialized ‘medical sports Tai Chi’ exercise project, Tai Chi exercise rehabilitation training improves the compliance of children with congenital heart disease during perioperative period, and is conducive to improving their cardiopulmonary function; The comprehensive intervention of Tai Chi exercise can help improve physical and mental health, including improving vital capacity, cardiopulmonary function, reducing body mass index, etc., which is conducive to enhancing physique, preventing disease, cultivating sentiment, and inheriting the excellent traditional Chinese culture. However, at present, the masses have insufficient understanding of the exercise mode with "medical sports Tai Chi" as the core, lack of theoretical and interactive, and need further development.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Developing a new model of medical and sports integration with unique Chinese characteristics - ‘medical sports Tai Chi’, by promoting the in-depth intersection of sports and medical disciplines, combining experts of sports and medical, we should establish and promote characteristic medical and sports Tai Chi exercise prescriptions for different diseases, help to implement the national policies of "integration of sports and medicine" and "integration of sports and health", create a brand-new medical and sports model to effectively ensure national fitness, build a new model of sports promoting health. By spreading the excellent core of Chinese culture, we will not only adjust our physical and mental health, but also greatly enhance our cultural self-confidence. Since then, we will continue to promote international exchanges and cooperation, promote "medical sports Tai Chi" to the world, and ultimately achieve the synchronous improvement of physical quality and cultural concepts, national self-confidence and scientific self-improvement, so as to help China's development.</p> Bin Xue, Yugong Guo, Xiaopeng Ma, Yanan Li, Salustino Zaldivar Wong, Claudio Rodríguez, Rodrigo Aranda Copyright (c) 2024 Bin Xue, Yugong Guo, Xiaopeng Ma, Yanan Li, Salustino Zaldivar Wong, Claudio Rodríguez, Rodrigo Aranda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/258 Thu, 11 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/259 <p>See PDF for details</p> Peng Wu Copyright (c) 2024 Peng Wu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/259 Fri, 12 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/260 <p>See PDF for details</p> Yi Luo, Ye Wang, Aie Xu Copyright (c) 2024 Yi Luo, Ye Wang, Aie Xu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/260 Sat, 13 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/261 <p><strong>Abstract: Purpose: </strong>Great health, as an important health concept, has gradually attracted wide attention around the world. It extends the concept of health from the absence of disease to the balance of body and mind, and the harmony of social relationships. The concept of Big Health goes beyond the traditional medical model and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive health, overall happiness and quality of life. The focus is not only on the treatment of disease, but also on prevention, health maintenance and lifestyle improvement, including physical, mental and social health. As an effective health practice method, Taiji health is being integrated with the concept of big health, which provides a beneficial path for modern society. However, the training path of Taiji health professionals is still facing a series of challenges, which need to be further studied and improved. On the one hand, this study is helpful to understand the application and promotion of the concept of big health in the field of Tai chi health, and provide people with more choices of health maintenance and promotion. On the other hand, it is helpful to improve the quality and standard of Tai chi health care practice and provide the society with more professionally trained Tai chi health care practitioners. In addition, this study also helps to deepen the understanding of the concept of big health and provide new ideas for the realization of comprehensive health.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Using logical analysis, literature and other research methods, the training path of Taiji health professionals under the concept of big health was studied.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> At present, the difficulties in the training of Taiji health professionals are as follows: First, the education system is not perfect. Tai Chi health care is a diverse field, covering sports science, psychology, traditional Chinese health and other aspects of knowledge and skills. However, at present, there is a lack of unified educational standards and curriculum systems, and different educational institutions and training programs can not unify the teaching content and methods. This has led to differences in the education received by students in different schools or training institutions, making it difficult to form uniform standards and recognition within the industry. Second, curriculum standards are not uniform. The inconsistency of curriculum standards in the field of Tai chi health care is an important problem that affects the quality of professional personnel training and industry standardization. The existence of this problem is closely related to many factors. Tai Chi health care covers many sub-fields such as Tai Chi and traditional Chinese medicine, and each sub-field has a rich theory and practice system. Due to the diversity and complexity of Taiji health disciplines, different courses may focus on different aspects, which leads to the diversity of curriculum standards, and it is difficult to achieve unity. Third, clinical practice is lacking. The clinical practice of Tai Chi wellness requires suitable venues and facilities so that students can apply the knowledge and skills they have learned in a practical setting. However, many educational institutions and training programs lack appropriate clinical practice sites, which makes it difficult for students to obtain adequate practice opportunities. Some schools may not be equipped with tai chi health laboratories or professional practice sites, which limits the practical experience of students. Fourth, interdisciplinary training is insufficient. Tai Chi health care covers many disciplines, including sports science, traditional Chinese medicine, psychology and so on. However, in the education system, these subject areas are usually segregated and develop independently. This leads to the lack of interdisciplinary training, and students often can only acquire knowledge in specific subject areas, but it is difficult to obtain interdisciplinary comprehensive education. Interdisciplinary training requires cooperation and exchange in different subject areas. However, the current lack of opportunities and platforms for interdisciplinary collaboration makes it difficult for students to interact and collaborate with faculty and students in other subject areas.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The training path for Taiji health professionals is to improve the training and education system. A unified educational standard and curriculum system should be formulated, including requirements for the transfer of interdisciplinary knowledge and the mastery of skills, to ensure that students receive a comprehensive education in the field of Tai chi health. Combine with national health education standards to provide guidance and supervision. Strengthen the construction of teaching staff. Improving the quality of teaching staff is the key to training Taiji health professionals. Teachers with interdisciplinary knowledge background should be recruited, and interdisciplinary training opportunities should be provided for teachers. Unify the curriculum standards for personnel training, comprehensively consider the setting of core courses and elective courses, and gradually build a comprehensive Tai chi health education system. The core courses ensure that students have acquired the basic knowledge and skills in the field of Tai Chi health care, while the elective courses allow students to further their learning according to their needs and interests. Enhancing students' practical clinical experience and enhancing the ways and paths of students' practical clinical experience play a key role in the training of Taiji health professionals. In order to better meet the requirements of the Big health concept, a variety of measures can be taken. First of all, provide students with sufficient clinical practice opportunities. Achieved through partnerships with hospitals, rehabilitation centers, community health programs, etc., such internship experiences enable students to have hands-on contact with different types of patients, learn how various health problems are handled, and improve clinical operational skills. Secondly, strengthen the implementation of clinical case analysis course. By analyzing real clinical cases, students can gain a deeper understanding of the process of disease diagnosis and treatment. By participating in discussions, making treatment suggestions, and thinking about the patient's recovery plan with teachers and classmates. Promoting interdisciplinary personnel training. First of all, interdisciplinary curriculum design is the key to cultivate interdisciplinary talents. Schools can offer interdisciplinary courses that combine knowledge in the field of Tai chi health with related disciplines such as sports science, traditional Chinese medicine, and psychology. Teachers in different subject areas are encouraged to collaborate on teaching and research projects to develop students' ability to think and collaborate across disciplines. Establish an interdisciplinary tutor system, assign interdisciplinary tutors to students, provide one-on-one guidance and support, help students plan their learning paths, recommend interdisciplinary courses and research projects, and guide students to conduct interdisciplinary research.</p> Song Bo, Guanrong Ding Copyright (c) 2024 Song Bo, Guanrong Ding https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/261 Sat, 13 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/262 He Ma Copyright (c) 2024 He Ma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/262 Sat, 13 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/264 <p>See PDF for details</p> Zikun Zhao, Aie Xu, Jiajia Zhao Copyright (c) 2024 Zikun Zhao, Aie Xu, Jiajia Zhao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/264 Tue, 16 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/265 <p>See PDF for details</p> Zikun Zhao, Aie Xu, Jiajia Zhao Copyright (c) 2024 Zikun Zhao, Aie Xu, Jiajia Zhao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/265 Mon, 12 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/266 <p>See PDF for details</p> Changsi Zhang, Yule Wang, Sihan Zhang Copyright (c) 2024 Changsi Zhang, Yule Wang, Sihan Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/266 Mon, 12 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/267 <p>See PDF for details</p> Longfei Li, Jianqing Chen, Aie Xu Copyright (c) 2024 Longfei Li, Jianqing Chen, Aie Xu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/267 Mon, 12 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/269 <p><strong>Abstract: Purpose: </strong>To explore and establish a competitive confrontation mode that expresses the core technique of Tai Chi’s "breaking opponent’s balance, leverage opponent’s strength to fight"."People's Daily" pointed out that "the dissemination of martial arts cannot be majoring the minors", and "it is necessary to effectively improve the disadvantages of traditional martial arts competitions that emphasize performance and neglect actual combat" (Zhong Wen, 2017). In order for Tai Chi to better meet the sports, health, and cultural needs of the people in the new era, it is particularly important to design a competitive confrontation mode based on the fighting concept of Tai Chi's" winning with skill ". A solution proposed by the core technique of "breaking opponent’s balance and leveraging opponent’s strength to fight". "Wresting Weapon and Snatching Sword" focuses on scrambling for weapons, and pays equal attention to striking and snatching. The opponent's strike and intentions are judged through continuous perception of weapons. A new type of competitive confrontation mode that uses hands strike or “leverage opponent’s strength to fight” to take advantage of the situation to wrest weapons as the main means of attack.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> literature review, expert interview, video analysis, practice experience, and teaching experiment.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>1) "Wresting Weapon and Snatching Sword" through the design of competing for weapons, makes Tai Chi "hands-on and cross-hands" reasonable. The current Tai Chi Push Hands requires pre- rule restrictions of "hands-on and hand-to-hand ", which makes it difficult to accept its combat effectiveness. "Wresting Weapon and Snatching Sword" is inspired by the actual combat cases of weapons like stick and cudgel. In these real cases, the two sides of the confrontation are very aware of the lethal characteristics of a weapon. Form a fierce and stalemate confrontational relationship, and the opposing sides constantly perceive and judge the opponent's intention and force through the change of weapon control, forming a perfect " touch, link, sticky, follow" sticky environment. The use of the technique of "breaking opponent’s balance and leveraging opponent’s strength to fight" has laid the foundation, and the actual combat case of "Wresting Weapon and Snatching Sword" is the natural Tai Chi’s "hands-on and cross-hands". 2) The design that pays equal attention to striking and snatching weapon solves the problem of "wrangle" in pushing hands competition. Dahai Shang of Xi’an Institute of Physical Education pointed out in "Research on the Evolution of Tai Chi Push Hands Competition Rules and the Development Orientation of Tai Chi Push Hands": " In the push hands competition, there are stubborn diseases such as wrangle hugging, which makes it difficult for competitive push hands competitions." In order to solve stubborn problems such as wrangle, "Wresting Weapon and Snatching Sword" has designed three criteria for judging victory or defeat: "wresting weapon successful, falling, and effective striking" because only the two aspects of wresting weapons and falling are used to determine the outcome, and the strength dominant side will use rigid force to firmly control the weapon, intending to stand firm and hold the weapon firmly, so as to prevent the opponent from "breaking opponent’s balance and leveraging opponent’s strength to fight", forming a situation of stalemate, which seriously damages the enjoyment of the competitive game. "Wresting Weapon and Snatching Sword" allows strikes, utilizes the deterrent power of strikes, and diminish the Winning probability for rigid force to control weapons, effectively restricting the use of such passive and conservative techniques, and promoting the use of quick response, flexible techniques and tactics, Created a space for Tai Chi to "breaking opponent’s balance and leveraging opponent’s strength to fight". 3) "Wresting Weapon and Snatching Sword" is designed through a practical, open, free, and simple competitive mode, allowing Tai Chi to be tested in practice. There are no restrictions on moves in "Wresting Weapon and Snatching Sword", only a comprehensive, logical, offensive and defensive fighting relationship and necessary safety rules that are similar to actual combat, which is suitable for the play of various martial arts techniques and moves. The competitive process of "Wresting Weapon and Snatching Sword" requires not only Wresting weapons, but also taking into account assault, in the confrontational relationship, the test is whose perception is sharper, whose reaction is faster, and who can more accurately achieve "breaking opponent’s balance and leveraging opponent’s strength to fight". Only this kind of harsh environment and test is close to actual combat and can let the core techniques of Tai Chi’s "win with skill" be practiced to be smarter and more advanced. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> 1) Tai Chi's martial arts are inseparable from its health-preserving and fitness functions. As an intangible cultural heritage of mankind, Tai Chi has been widely disseminated and has far-reaching influence. Its health-preserving and fitness effects have been proven and accepted. The viewing effect of Tai Chi is not good, so that the public has questioned the authenticity, scientificity, and practicality of Tai Chi. The derogation of these reputations and the crisis of development have caused many negative effects on the healthy development of Tai Chi. 2) The more flexible and close to the actual combat tactics, the more conducive to Tai Chi 's technique of "breaking opponent’s balance and leveraging opponent’s strength to fight", the more open and free the competition environment is, the more it can show the competitive charm of Tai Chi’s " defeat the strong by the weak". "Wresting Weapon and Snatching Sword" is based on the technique of "breaking opponent’s balance and leveraging opponent’s strength to fight". Through the rule design that pays equal attention to snatching and striking, the structure is clear, the logic is rigorous, it is easy to judge the outcome, and it has high practicality. The classic scene of "combat power with skill, fight big with leverage, and win by cleverness" is highly ornamental and has a very good role in promoting the publicity, promotion and development of Tai Chi. 3) Tai Chi's martial arts can not only shape a person's brave and tenacious spiritual quality, but also this kind of competitive confrontation experience can make the body and mind directly feel the philosophical thought of traditional Chinese culture "Use softness to overcome rigidity, and things will develop in the opposite direction when they become extreme", making Tai Chi healthy concepts and Traditional Chinese culture can be carried forward and developed.</p> Chaojun Gong, Jianying Yang, Yuqing Gong Copyright (c) 2024 Chaojun Gong, Jianying Yang, Yuqing Gong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/269 Mon, 12 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/270 <p><strong>Abstract:</strong>Tai Chi is a national intangible cultural heritage, which is the essence of Chinese excellent traditional culture. It is a traditional Chinese boxing art that takes the dialectical concepts of taiji and yin and yang in the traditional Chinese philosophy of Confucianism and Taoism as the core idea, and combines various functions such as strengthening the body and cultivating the mind and body, and is good for the internal and external cultivation of human beings. Since 2020, when Tai Chi was formally inscribed on UNESCO's Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, China's attention to Tai Chi has been increasing year by year, and the inheritance and promotion of Tai Chi has also shown a positive trend, while the education of Tai Chi has also received more and more attention. Strong education must first strengthen teachers, and a strong education country is an important guarantee for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward "Solidly Promoting the Construction of a Strong Education Nation" in the fifth collective study of the Politburo of the Central Committee, which emphasized the need to cultivate high-quality teacher teams. The quality and standard of the teacher team largely affects the students' thinking and behavioral performance. At present, the construction of the Tai Chi physical education teacher team in China's colleges and universities is still characterized by an incomplete system and inadequate legal protection, and there is a need to further improve the system of education for physical education teachers with Chinese characteristics, in particular, to strengthen the pre-service and on-the-job education of physical education teachers, so that the physical education teachers will have transversal knowledge of the subject and more comprehensive professional technical It is necessary to further improve the education system of physical education teachers with Chinese characteristics, especially to strengthen the pre-service and in-service education of physical education teachers, so that physical education teachers can have knowledge of horizontal disciplines and more comprehensive professional and technical skills, and thus build a high-level and high-quality physical education team.</p> <p><strong>1.The research purpose </strong>of this paper is to put forward rationalization suggestions for promoting the construction of Tai Chi physical education teacher team at the theoretical level, and then to provide useful reference for the effective promotion of the intangible cultural heritage of mankind,Tai Chi.</p> <p><strong>2.The research methods used in this paper:</strong> mainly literature method, expert interview method, and logical analysis. By reviewing a large number of domestic and foreign literature and materials related to pre-service education, physical education, sports health, aerobic control training, etc. on websites such as Knowledge.com, Wan fang, EBSCO, Web of Science, etc., according to the purpose and task of this study, we communicate and study with experts in physical education and training, national traditional sports, etc., to learn about the teaching methods for Tai Chi education,the construction of teachers' team, and the precautions for physical education teaching.</p> <p><strong>3. The research results of this paper:</strong> (1) The teaching design of Tai Chi is single, the teaching objectives, teaching content and teaching evaluation are set in stone, since Tai Chi course entered colleges and universities, the teaching objectives are only focused on the teaching of students' movements and routines, and the education of students' emotions, attitudes, and values has been ignored; the teaching content is basically fixed as 24 simplified Tai Chi, but in fact, there are many kinds of Tai Chi boxing methods, which can not be summarized by 24 simple movements. The teaching content is basically fixed to 24 simplified Tai Chi, but in fact, Tai Chi has many kinds of boxing styles, which can be summarized by more than 24 simple movements. Simple "manipulation" of Tai Chi will make the students less active in practicing Tai Chi and even wushu; in terms of teaching evaluation, the emphasis on summative evaluation and neglect of the process of evaluation are not conducive to the promotion and development of Tai Chi. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the curriculum system of Tai Chi, improve the practicality of technical movements, combine the theoretical value of Tai Chi with its practical value, and make students understand the offensive and defensive nature of Tai Chi, so as to help them protect themselves at critical moments.(2) Tai Chi teachers' professionalism is generally low. Tai Chi is one of the physical education courses in the general education courses for college students, but most of the teachers in the majority of colleges and universities do not have a martial arts background, do not have a high degree of grasp of the precision of movement teaching, do not have the technical skills of teachers who have a professional martial arts background and have a low reserve of professional knowledge of Tai Chi, which leads to a poor understanding of Tai Chi culture among students and a weak ability to combine the theory and the practice. As a result, students do not have a deep understanding of Tai Chi culture, and their ability to combine theory and practice is weak. In view of the above problems, schools can improve the teaching quality and teaching ability of physical education teachers through the introduction of special talents in Wu shu, in-service or on-the-job education for physical education teachers in colleges and universities or those who are about to be recruited, and carry out Tai Chi teaching competitions to promote the high-quality development of Tai Chi teaching.(3) Teaching qualification of Tai Chi teachers is ill-defined. Teaching qualification of Tai Chi teaching is the main problem of Tai Chi teaching in schools at present, and many Tai Chi teachers of university general education have superficial knowledge of Tai Chi movements, and the accuracy of the movements is low, which is not conducive to the students' mastery of Tai Chi and its connotations. In this regard, the state should introduce corresponding policies to certify the qualification of Tai Chi teachers, improve the standard and quality of Tai Chi teaching, andprovide policy support and guarantee for the high-quality development of Tai Chi.</p> <p><strong>4.The research conclusion of this paper: </strong>At present, there are still problems in Tai Chi physical education teaching, such as single teaching design, low professionalism of teachers, and unclear definition of teacher teaching qualifications. It is urgent to take corresponding measures, such as establishing a sound Tai Chi teaching system, cultivating professional Tai Chi teachers, improving the Tai Chi teacher qualification certification system, so that students can better understand and master the connotation of Tai Chi technical movements in physical education classrooms, and promote their physical and mental harmonious development.</p> Yanlin Wang Copyright (c) 2024 Yanlin Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/270 Mon, 12 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/271 Wenhao Zhou, Xu Liu, Aie Xu Copyright (c) 2024 Wenhao Zhou, Xu Liu, Aie Xu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/271 Mon, 12 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/216 <p>Tai Chi and Qigong (TCQ) interventions as mind-body exercise have increasingly demonstrated a spectrum of health benefits, but few were assessed using objective measurements, such as wearable sensors. In addition, Tai Chi instruction provided with live online and recorded videos increases accessibility but has some challenges. For example, participants can only see Tai Chi movements in two dimensions when watching a video compared to three dimensions when participating in an in-person class. There is also a limited experience of being part of a group when the Tai Chi classes are viewed online. Virtual reality has the potential to improve the experience of recorded Tai Chi classes, but Tai Chi research has not yet used this technology. The current study examined the feasibility and acceptability of using wearable sensors and virtual reality (VR) videos to deliver a remotely delivered TCQ intervention for older adults. This 2-week feasibility study enrolled 16 participants who were 50 years or older. Half of them had practiced Tai Chi for over one year and the other half had never learned Tai Chi before enrolling in the study. Participants were instructed to join the TCQ intervention classes and wear sensors at home to measure their sleep and heart rate variability. All participants had a 2-hour in-person group training on how to use wearable sensors and VR headsets and completed a set of questionnaires at both the pre-intervention and post-intervention time points. The questionnaires asked for demographic information, general health, perceived stress, physical activity, and sleep quality. Focus groups were conducted to obtain a deeper understanding of the participants’ experiences using the wearable sensors and VR for the TCQ intervention. Descriptive analyses were conducted for the feasibility of using wearable sensors and VR and completing the assessments. The completion rate for all the questionnaires and focus group interviews was 100%. The results showed that older adults had high acceptance of using wearable sensors and VR headsets for TCQ intervention, and high satisfaction with participating in the study (14 out of the 16 participants feel positive or very positive). However, over one-third of the participants had some level of difficulty using sensors and VR videos. In conclusion, we found high acceptability and good feasibility of using wearable sensors and VR for TCQ intervention. Our results suggest that more training and consultations are needed to help older adults effectively use wearable sensors and VR in an intervention study.&nbsp;</p> Zhao Chen, Nicole Yuan, Ruth Taylor-Piliae, Melanie Rubio, Yunjia Yang, Ashleigh Horton, Dagoberto Robles, Raymond Valenzuela, Chengcheng Hu, Janet Roveda, Phillip Kuo Copyright (c) 2024 Zhao Chen, Nicole P. Yuan, Ruth E. Taylor-Piliae, Melfanie Rubio, Yunjia Yang, Ashleigh L. Horton, Dagoberto Robles, Raymond Valenzuela, Chengcheng Hu, Janet Roveda, Phillip H. Kuo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://ischp.org/ojs/index.php/jischp/article/view/216 Sun, 09 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000